NURS 500 EXAM 2 REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Dyslipidemia has ____ triglycerides and ____ total cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ increased,
increased
LDL is ____ cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ bad
Lipid imbalances promote _______ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ athereosclerois
In obesity-associated dyslipidemia, fat cells release _____ leading to chronic _____ and ____ resistance -
CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ inflammatory chemicals, inflammation, insulin
Xanthomas is ______ deposits in tendons/skin - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ cholesterol
Atherosclerosis is ____ buildup in arteries - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ plaque
In metabolic syndrome there is increased... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ waist circumference
triglycerides
LDL cholesterol
blood pressure
blood glucose
What is the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ 1. Endothelial injury = chronic
inflammation
2. LDL cholesterol enters = foam cells = fatty streaks
3. Smooth muscle cells proliferate = fibrous plaque
4. Plaques calcify, narrow, weaken, or rupture
5. Advances plaques hemorrhage and ulcerate = thrombus and embolization
What are clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ angina
,myocardial infarction
What are clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ stroke
TIA
What are clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in the peripheral arteries? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓
intermittent claudication
poor wound healing
limb ischemia
Vessel narrowing leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ ischemia
Plaque rupture leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ sudden occlusion
Thrombosis/embolism leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ organ infarction
Vessel wall weakening leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ aneurysm
What is the order of plaque progression? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ STREAK-PLAQUE-ATTACK
Fibrous plaques leads to ____ blood flow and _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ decreased, ischemia
Unstable plaque can cause.... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ heart attack, strokes, limb ischemia
An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal ____ of a _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ dilation, blood vessel
In a true aneurysm, what is involved? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ all layers of vessel wall
,In a false aneurysm, there is a ____ in the vessel wall leading to extravascular _____ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓ tear, hematoma
Vessel wall weakness leads to ____ which increases ___ tension and further _____ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓ dilation, wall, expansion
Aneurysm can form thrombus inside ____, embolize, or rupture - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ lumen
What are causes of aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ atherosclerosis
hypertension
smoking
trauma
infections
congenital vessel defects
Where is pain in thoracic aortic aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ chest, back, neck
What are symptoms of thoracic aortic aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ dyspnea
stridor
hoarseness
dysphagia
brassy cough
In thoracic aortic aneurysm, there is compression of the ____, leading to neck vein distension and face
edema - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ superior vena cava
Where is pain in abdominal aortic aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ typically none; asymptomatic,
but may have mild lumbar or abdominal discomfort
In abdominal aortic aneurysm, thrombus formation leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ limb ischemia
, In a dissecting aneurysm, blood enters the vessel wall due to a ____ in the ____, creating a _____ -
CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ tear, intima, false channel
Where are common sites for a dissecting aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ ascending aorta and
thoracic aorta
What causes dissecting aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ hypertension
degeneration of medial vessel wall
connective tissue disorders
congenital defects
post-cardiac surgery
pregnancy
In an aortic dissection, pain is ____ and ____ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ sudden, severe
Aortic dissection has changes in ____, neurologic defects, heart ____, and impaired ____ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓ BP, failure, perfusion
What is an acute arterial occlusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ sudden blockage of blood flow in artery
What are cardiac sources of emboli? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ a-fib
ischemia heart disease
rheumatic heart disease
prosthetic heart valves
What are non-cardiac sources of emboli? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ fat
air
amniotic fluid
Dyslipidemia has ____ triglycerides and ____ total cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ increased,
increased
LDL is ____ cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ bad
Lipid imbalances promote _______ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ athereosclerois
In obesity-associated dyslipidemia, fat cells release _____ leading to chronic _____ and ____ resistance -
CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ inflammatory chemicals, inflammation, insulin
Xanthomas is ______ deposits in tendons/skin - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ cholesterol
Atherosclerosis is ____ buildup in arteries - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ plaque
In metabolic syndrome there is increased... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ waist circumference
triglycerides
LDL cholesterol
blood pressure
blood glucose
What is the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ 1. Endothelial injury = chronic
inflammation
2. LDL cholesterol enters = foam cells = fatty streaks
3. Smooth muscle cells proliferate = fibrous plaque
4. Plaques calcify, narrow, weaken, or rupture
5. Advances plaques hemorrhage and ulcerate = thrombus and embolization
What are clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ angina
,myocardial infarction
What are clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ stroke
TIA
What are clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in the peripheral arteries? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓
intermittent claudication
poor wound healing
limb ischemia
Vessel narrowing leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ ischemia
Plaque rupture leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ sudden occlusion
Thrombosis/embolism leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ organ infarction
Vessel wall weakening leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ aneurysm
What is the order of plaque progression? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ STREAK-PLAQUE-ATTACK
Fibrous plaques leads to ____ blood flow and _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ decreased, ischemia
Unstable plaque can cause.... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ heart attack, strokes, limb ischemia
An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal ____ of a _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ dilation, blood vessel
In a true aneurysm, what is involved? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ all layers of vessel wall
,In a false aneurysm, there is a ____ in the vessel wall leading to extravascular _____ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓ tear, hematoma
Vessel wall weakness leads to ____ which increases ___ tension and further _____ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓ dilation, wall, expansion
Aneurysm can form thrombus inside ____, embolize, or rupture - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ lumen
What are causes of aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ atherosclerosis
hypertension
smoking
trauma
infections
congenital vessel defects
Where is pain in thoracic aortic aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ chest, back, neck
What are symptoms of thoracic aortic aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ dyspnea
stridor
hoarseness
dysphagia
brassy cough
In thoracic aortic aneurysm, there is compression of the ____, leading to neck vein distension and face
edema - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ superior vena cava
Where is pain in abdominal aortic aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ typically none; asymptomatic,
but may have mild lumbar or abdominal discomfort
In abdominal aortic aneurysm, thrombus formation leads to... - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ limb ischemia
, In a dissecting aneurysm, blood enters the vessel wall due to a ____ in the ____, creating a _____ -
CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ tear, intima, false channel
Where are common sites for a dissecting aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ ascending aorta and
thoracic aorta
What causes dissecting aneurysm? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ hypertension
degeneration of medial vessel wall
connective tissue disorders
congenital defects
post-cardiac surgery
pregnancy
In an aortic dissection, pain is ____ and ____ - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ sudden, severe
Aortic dissection has changes in ____, neurologic defects, heart ____, and impaired ____ - CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓ BP, failure, perfusion
What is an acute arterial occlusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ sudden blockage of blood flow in artery
What are cardiac sources of emboli? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ a-fib
ischemia heart disease
rheumatic heart disease
prosthetic heart valves
What are non-cardiac sources of emboli? - CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓ fat
air
amniotic fluid
