BONE DENSITY REGISTRY
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ The most critical period for bone health is during ___.
Answer: adolescence
◍ what is a rounded prominence on the outer/ lateral border of a bone?.
Answer: trochanter
◍ What is primarily scanned in a Quantitative ultrasound?.
Answer: the heel
◍ how does QUS measure bone?.
Answer: speed of sound (SOS)Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation
(BUA)Stiffness index
◍ How do you reposition if you can not see the lesser trochanter?.
Answer: externally rotate
◍ QC Shift.
Answer: Sudden or noticeable change in a machine's
performancemechanical/electrical, software malfunction, calibration
◍ BMC = BMD X area.
Answer: Denotes the amount of calcium present in the bones A decrease in
area will decrease the BMC and can result in erroneous results Reported in
(grams of calcium)
◍ Accuracy is affected by.
Answer: scanner calibration, positioning, and patient body composition
◍ Fan Beam Advantages.
Answer: Improved speed, accuracy, and image quality
,◍ FRAX.
Answer: 10 year risk for patients valid in 40-90 yo who are not already on
treatmentrisk of major osteoporotic fracture > 20% risk of hip fracture > 3%
then patient benefits from therapyRx = Calcium, Vit D and stop
smokingAED is considered high risk med
◍ Which type of bone loss occurs particularly in the 7th decade of life?.
Answer: secondary osteoporosis
◍ why were SPA and DPA considered un precise?.
Answer: because of the radioactive decay over time followed by sudden
increase in radioactivity when old source was replaced
◍ What T-score is considered osteopenia?.
Answer: -1 to -2.5
◍ What is the most common spinal curvature disorder?.
Answer: scoliosis
◍ factors affecting bone remodeling.
Answer: Hormones- Testosterone promotes bone deposition while estrogen
inhibits osteoclast activity Age- as an individual ages growth hormone and
sex hormones decline; decreases protein synthesis in boneCalcium ion
intake- to support bone deposition Vitamin D intake- to promote calcium ion
absorption from gut and prevents calcium ion loss in urine Vitamin C
intake- for synthesis of collagen Vitamin K intake- for synthesis of calcium
ion-binding glycoproteins secreted by osteoblastsProtein intake-to
synthesize collagen fibers found in organic matrix
◍ mean.
Answer: the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the
scores and then dividing by the number of scores
◍ What is also referred to as age related Osteoporosis?.
Answer: Primary Osteoporosis
◍ define %CV.
, Answer: percent coefficient variation.is given by manufacturers to express
the precision of the equipment
◍ name the weight bearing sites of the skeleton:.
Answer: total spinelower extremitysportions of the pelvis
◍ extended lactation and multiple pregnancies are strongly associated with
subsequent osteoporosis related to hormones that affect calcium absorption..
Answer: false
◍ Wolff law.
Answer: •States that under normal conditions, a healthy bone adapts to loads
placed upon it.
◍ how far should you rotate the leg and which direction to bring the femoral
neck parallel to the table?.
Answer: internally 15-20 degrees
◍ for pediatric DXA a cancer survivor is recommended to have imaging done
at what point?.
Answer: either 2yr after chemo or by the age of 18 which ever comes first
◍ What can cause a failure to attain peak BMD?.
Answer: geneticsdietary calcium deficiencylack of exercise
◍ What percentage of trabecular bone is found in the PA lumbar spine as
measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry?.
Answer: 66
◍ Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators.
Answer: Raloxifine (Evista) Prevents bone loss Mode of action –
Antiresorption
◍ Which standard score or statistical device should be used to compare a
child's bone density to the reference database?.
Answer: The Z-score
◍ what is unique about L3's shape?.
Answer: it has the largest transverse processes.
, ◍ Hyperparathyroidism.
Answer: Results in loss of bone tissue, BMD lower in predominately
cortical sites, distal 1/3 of radius
◍ The sBMD for a PA spine value of 0.932 g/cm^2 obtained using a Borland
dual energy X-ray (DXA) densitometer is?.
Answer: 1003 mg/cm^2
◍ In the mature adult, approximately ___% of trabecular bone and about ___%
of cortical bone is renewed on an annual basis..
Answer: 25, 3
◍ the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis in men is related to all
of the following except:.
Answer: hypocalciuria
◍ in a mature adult about __% of trabecualr bone is renewed on an annual
basis.
Answer: 25
◍ Bone Mineral Density "BMD".
Answer: This is a measure of the amount of mineral in bone tissue per unit
area, expressed in grams per square centimeter (g/cm²). BMD is calculated
by dividing BMC by the area of the bone being measured.
◍ What are the 2 different KVp used in DEXA?.
Answer: low energy is around 60KVphigh energy is around 120KVp
◍ what is Dual Photon Absorptiometry (DPA)?.
Answer: works the same as SPA, but uses a radioactive material that
produces 2 different KV intensity's.doesn't need a water bath, so it could
scan central sites.
◍ What machine use Energy Switching?.
Answer: Hologic
◍ Glucocorticoids.
Answer: suppress inflammation, treat autoimmune disorders, and manage
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ The most critical period for bone health is during ___.
Answer: adolescence
◍ what is a rounded prominence on the outer/ lateral border of a bone?.
Answer: trochanter
◍ What is primarily scanned in a Quantitative ultrasound?.
Answer: the heel
◍ how does QUS measure bone?.
Answer: speed of sound (SOS)Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation
(BUA)Stiffness index
◍ How do you reposition if you can not see the lesser trochanter?.
Answer: externally rotate
◍ QC Shift.
Answer: Sudden or noticeable change in a machine's
performancemechanical/electrical, software malfunction, calibration
◍ BMC = BMD X area.
Answer: Denotes the amount of calcium present in the bones A decrease in
area will decrease the BMC and can result in erroneous results Reported in
(grams of calcium)
◍ Accuracy is affected by.
Answer: scanner calibration, positioning, and patient body composition
◍ Fan Beam Advantages.
Answer: Improved speed, accuracy, and image quality
,◍ FRAX.
Answer: 10 year risk for patients valid in 40-90 yo who are not already on
treatmentrisk of major osteoporotic fracture > 20% risk of hip fracture > 3%
then patient benefits from therapyRx = Calcium, Vit D and stop
smokingAED is considered high risk med
◍ Which type of bone loss occurs particularly in the 7th decade of life?.
Answer: secondary osteoporosis
◍ why were SPA and DPA considered un precise?.
Answer: because of the radioactive decay over time followed by sudden
increase in radioactivity when old source was replaced
◍ What T-score is considered osteopenia?.
Answer: -1 to -2.5
◍ What is the most common spinal curvature disorder?.
Answer: scoliosis
◍ factors affecting bone remodeling.
Answer: Hormones- Testosterone promotes bone deposition while estrogen
inhibits osteoclast activity Age- as an individual ages growth hormone and
sex hormones decline; decreases protein synthesis in boneCalcium ion
intake- to support bone deposition Vitamin D intake- to promote calcium ion
absorption from gut and prevents calcium ion loss in urine Vitamin C
intake- for synthesis of collagen Vitamin K intake- for synthesis of calcium
ion-binding glycoproteins secreted by osteoblastsProtein intake-to
synthesize collagen fibers found in organic matrix
◍ mean.
Answer: the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the
scores and then dividing by the number of scores
◍ What is also referred to as age related Osteoporosis?.
Answer: Primary Osteoporosis
◍ define %CV.
, Answer: percent coefficient variation.is given by manufacturers to express
the precision of the equipment
◍ name the weight bearing sites of the skeleton:.
Answer: total spinelower extremitysportions of the pelvis
◍ extended lactation and multiple pregnancies are strongly associated with
subsequent osteoporosis related to hormones that affect calcium absorption..
Answer: false
◍ Wolff law.
Answer: •States that under normal conditions, a healthy bone adapts to loads
placed upon it.
◍ how far should you rotate the leg and which direction to bring the femoral
neck parallel to the table?.
Answer: internally 15-20 degrees
◍ for pediatric DXA a cancer survivor is recommended to have imaging done
at what point?.
Answer: either 2yr after chemo or by the age of 18 which ever comes first
◍ What can cause a failure to attain peak BMD?.
Answer: geneticsdietary calcium deficiencylack of exercise
◍ What percentage of trabecular bone is found in the PA lumbar spine as
measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry?.
Answer: 66
◍ Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators.
Answer: Raloxifine (Evista) Prevents bone loss Mode of action –
Antiresorption
◍ Which standard score or statistical device should be used to compare a
child's bone density to the reference database?.
Answer: The Z-score
◍ what is unique about L3's shape?.
Answer: it has the largest transverse processes.
, ◍ Hyperparathyroidism.
Answer: Results in loss of bone tissue, BMD lower in predominately
cortical sites, distal 1/3 of radius
◍ The sBMD for a PA spine value of 0.932 g/cm^2 obtained using a Borland
dual energy X-ray (DXA) densitometer is?.
Answer: 1003 mg/cm^2
◍ In the mature adult, approximately ___% of trabecular bone and about ___%
of cortical bone is renewed on an annual basis..
Answer: 25, 3
◍ the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis in men is related to all
of the following except:.
Answer: hypocalciuria
◍ in a mature adult about __% of trabecualr bone is renewed on an annual
basis.
Answer: 25
◍ Bone Mineral Density "BMD".
Answer: This is a measure of the amount of mineral in bone tissue per unit
area, expressed in grams per square centimeter (g/cm²). BMD is calculated
by dividing BMC by the area of the bone being measured.
◍ What are the 2 different KVp used in DEXA?.
Answer: low energy is around 60KVphigh energy is around 120KVp
◍ what is Dual Photon Absorptiometry (DPA)?.
Answer: works the same as SPA, but uses a radioactive material that
produces 2 different KV intensity's.doesn't need a water bath, so it could
scan central sites.
◍ What machine use Energy Switching?.
Answer: Hologic
◍ Glucocorticoids.
Answer: suppress inflammation, treat autoimmune disorders, and manage
