ATI TEAS 7 Science Pretest Questions and answers
SECTION 1: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Question 1
Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Nephron
B) Neuron
C) Alveolus
D) Villus
Answer: A) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible
for filtering blood and forming urine. Neurons are nerve cells, alveoli are lung air sacs,
and villi are intestinal projections.
Question 2
Blood flows from the right ventricle into which structure?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Left atrium
Answer: B) Pulmonary artery
Rationale: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary
artery to the lungs. The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle, and pulmonary veins
return oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
Question 3
Which of the following hormones regulates blood glucose by promoting the uptake of
glucose into cells?
A) Glucagon
,B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: C) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin, produced by pancreatic beta cells, lowers blood glucose by
facilitating cellular glucose uptake. Glucagon raises blood glucose, cortisol is a stress
hormone, and thyroxine regulates metabolism.
Question 4
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Fallopian tube
D) Cervix
Answer: C) Fallopian tube
Rationale: Fertilization usually takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The
ovary releases the egg, the uterus houses the developing fetus, and the cervix is the
lower portion of the uterus.
Question 5
Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?
A) Cardiac
B) Smooth
C) Skeletal
D) Visceral
Answer: C) Skeletal
Rationale: Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntarily controlled. Cardiac and smooth
muscles are involuntary; visceral is another term for smooth muscle.
,Question 6
Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?
A) Nutrient absorption
B) Water reabsorption and feces formation
C) Chemical digestion of proteins
D) Secretion of digestive enzymes
Answer: B) Water reabsorption and feces formation
Rationale: The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and compacts waste into
feces. Nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine, and protein digestion
begins in the stomach.
Question 7
The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the:
A) Pacemaker of the heart
B) Valve between atria and ventricles
C) Conduction pathway to the lungs
D) Regulator of blood pressure
Answer: A) Pacemaker of the heart
Rationale: The SA node generates electrical impulses that set the heart's rhythm,
making it the natural pacemaker. It is located in the right atrium.
Question 8
Which of the following cells is responsible for bone resorption?
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Chondrocytes
Answer: B) Osteoclasts
Rationale: Osteoclasts break down bone tissue (resorption). Osteoblasts build bone,
osteocytes maintain bone, and chondrocytes are cartilage cells.
, Question 9
The pleural membranes surround which organ?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Liver
D) Kidneys
Answer: B) Lungs
Rationale: The pleura are serous membranes enclosing the lungs. The pericardium
surrounds the heart, and the peritoneum surrounds abdominal organs.
Question 10
Which of the following is an example of a ball-and-socket joint?
A) Elbow
B) Knee
C) Hip
D) Ankle
Answer: C) Hip
Rationale: The hip and shoulder are ball-and-socket joints, allowing multi-axial
movement. The elbow is a hinge joint, the knee is a modified hinge, and the ankle is a
synovial joint.
Question 11
What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?
A) Warm incoming air
B) Filter dust particles
C) Exchange gases (O₂ and CO₂)
D) Produce mucus
Answer: C) Exchange gases (O₂ and CO₂)
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs via diffusion. Warming air
is done by nasal passages, filtering by cilia/mucus, and mucus production by goblet
cells.
SECTION 1: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Question 1
Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Nephron
B) Neuron
C) Alveolus
D) Villus
Answer: A) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible
for filtering blood and forming urine. Neurons are nerve cells, alveoli are lung air sacs,
and villi are intestinal projections.
Question 2
Blood flows from the right ventricle into which structure?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Left atrium
Answer: B) Pulmonary artery
Rationale: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary
artery to the lungs. The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle, and pulmonary veins
return oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
Question 3
Which of the following hormones regulates blood glucose by promoting the uptake of
glucose into cells?
A) Glucagon
,B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: C) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin, produced by pancreatic beta cells, lowers blood glucose by
facilitating cellular glucose uptake. Glucagon raises blood glucose, cortisol is a stress
hormone, and thyroxine regulates metabolism.
Question 4
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Fallopian tube
D) Cervix
Answer: C) Fallopian tube
Rationale: Fertilization usually takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The
ovary releases the egg, the uterus houses the developing fetus, and the cervix is the
lower portion of the uterus.
Question 5
Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?
A) Cardiac
B) Smooth
C) Skeletal
D) Visceral
Answer: C) Skeletal
Rationale: Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntarily controlled. Cardiac and smooth
muscles are involuntary; visceral is another term for smooth muscle.
,Question 6
Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?
A) Nutrient absorption
B) Water reabsorption and feces formation
C) Chemical digestion of proteins
D) Secretion of digestive enzymes
Answer: B) Water reabsorption and feces formation
Rationale: The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and compacts waste into
feces. Nutrient absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine, and protein digestion
begins in the stomach.
Question 7
The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the:
A) Pacemaker of the heart
B) Valve between atria and ventricles
C) Conduction pathway to the lungs
D) Regulator of blood pressure
Answer: A) Pacemaker of the heart
Rationale: The SA node generates electrical impulses that set the heart's rhythm,
making it the natural pacemaker. It is located in the right atrium.
Question 8
Which of the following cells is responsible for bone resorption?
A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Chondrocytes
Answer: B) Osteoclasts
Rationale: Osteoclasts break down bone tissue (resorption). Osteoblasts build bone,
osteocytes maintain bone, and chondrocytes are cartilage cells.
, Question 9
The pleural membranes surround which organ?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Liver
D) Kidneys
Answer: B) Lungs
Rationale: The pleura are serous membranes enclosing the lungs. The pericardium
surrounds the heart, and the peritoneum surrounds abdominal organs.
Question 10
Which of the following is an example of a ball-and-socket joint?
A) Elbow
B) Knee
C) Hip
D) Ankle
Answer: C) Hip
Rationale: The hip and shoulder are ball-and-socket joints, allowing multi-axial
movement. The elbow is a hinge joint, the knee is a modified hinge, and the ankle is a
synovial joint.
Question 11
What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?
A) Warm incoming air
B) Filter dust particles
C) Exchange gases (O₂ and CO₂)
D) Produce mucus
Answer: C) Exchange gases (O₂ and CO₂)
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs via diffusion. Warming air
is done by nasal passages, filtering by cilia/mucus, and mucus production by goblet
cells.
