NSG 3130 EXAM 4 PREP 2026 TEST
BANK: REAL QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS | NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
STUDY GUIDE
Q1. The patient has experienced a myocardial infarction resulting in damage
to the left ventricle. A possible complication the patient may experience that
the nurse is alert to is:
• A) Jugular neck vein distention
• B) Pulmonary congestion
• C) Peripheral edema
• D) Liver enlargement
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: B
Rationale: Left ventricular failure impairs the heart's ability to pump blood
forward into systemic circulation. This causes blood to back up into the pulmonary
vasculature, leading to pulmonary congestion and symptoms like dyspnea,
orthopnea, and crackles. Jugular vein distention, peripheral edema, and liver
enlargement are signs of right-sided heart failure.
Q2. The patient is admitted to the medical center with a diagnosis of left-sided
heart failure. In assessment of this patient, the nurse expects to find:
, • A) Ascites
• B) Orthopnea
• C) Anorexia
• D) Enlarged liver and spleen
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: B
Rationale: Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying flat) is a classic symptom
of left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion. Ascites, anorexia, and
enlarged liver/spleen are associated with right-sided heart failure.
Q3. A 60-year-old male client comes into the emergency department with
complaints of crushing chest pain that radiates to his shoulder and left arm.
The admitting diagnosis is acute myocardial infarction. Immediate admission
orders include oxygen via nasal cannula at 4 L/minute, blood work, chest x-
ray, ECG, and 2 mg of morphine given IV. The nurse should first:
• A) Administer morphine
• B) Obtain a 12-lead ECG
• C) Obtain the lab work
• D) Order the chest x-ray
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: A
Rationale: Morphine is a priority intervention for acute MI to relieve severe
pain and reduce preload and myocardial oxygen demand. While ECG and lab
work are important, pain relief is essential to decrease sympathetic stimulation and
further cardiac workload.
,Q4. Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the
heart?
• A) Circumflex artery
• B) Internal mammary artery
• C) Left anterior descending artery
• D) Right coronary artery
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: C
Rationale: The Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery, a branch of the left
coronary artery, supplies blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The
circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall; the right coronary artery supplies the
inferior wall.
Q5. Which of the following blood tests is most indicative of cardiac damage?
• A) Lactate dehydrogenase
• B) Complete blood count (CBC)
• C) Troponin level
• D) Creatine kinase (CK)
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: C
Rationale: Troponin I and T are highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for
cardiac muscle damage. Troponin remains elevated for days after an MI, making it
the preferred diagnostic marker. While CK-MB is also cardiac-specific, troponin is
considered the gold standard.
, Q6. A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to sound
its alarm. A nurse sees no electrocardiogram complexes on the screen. The
first action of the nurse is to:
• A) Check the client status and lead placement
• B) Press the recorder button on the electrocardiogram console
• C) Call the physician
• D) Call a code blue
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: A
Rationale: Check the patient first. A flat line on the monitor may be due to lead
displacement or equipment malfunction, not necessarily cardiac arrest. Assess the
patient's clinical status before initiating emergency protocols.
Q7. The nurse teaches a client about compression stockings. Which of the
following statements, if made by the client, indicates to the nurse that the
teaching was successful?
• A) "I will wear the stockings until the physician tells me to remove them."
• B) "I should wear the stockings even when I am asleep."
• C) "Every four hours I should remove the stockings for a half hour."
• D) "I should put on the stockings before getting out of bed in the morning."
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: D
Rationale: Compression stockings should be applied before getting out of bed to
prevent blood pooling in the lower extremities. Stockings are typically removed at
night and may be reapplied in the morning. They are not worn while sleeping
unless specifically ordered.
BANK: REAL QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS | NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
STUDY GUIDE
Q1. The patient has experienced a myocardial infarction resulting in damage
to the left ventricle. A possible complication the patient may experience that
the nurse is alert to is:
• A) Jugular neck vein distention
• B) Pulmonary congestion
• C) Peripheral edema
• D) Liver enlargement
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: B
Rationale: Left ventricular failure impairs the heart's ability to pump blood
forward into systemic circulation. This causes blood to back up into the pulmonary
vasculature, leading to pulmonary congestion and symptoms like dyspnea,
orthopnea, and crackles. Jugular vein distention, peripheral edema, and liver
enlargement are signs of right-sided heart failure.
Q2. The patient is admitted to the medical center with a diagnosis of left-sided
heart failure. In assessment of this patient, the nurse expects to find:
, • A) Ascites
• B) Orthopnea
• C) Anorexia
• D) Enlarged liver and spleen
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: B
Rationale: Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying flat) is a classic symptom
of left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion. Ascites, anorexia, and
enlarged liver/spleen are associated with right-sided heart failure.
Q3. A 60-year-old male client comes into the emergency department with
complaints of crushing chest pain that radiates to his shoulder and left arm.
The admitting diagnosis is acute myocardial infarction. Immediate admission
orders include oxygen via nasal cannula at 4 L/minute, blood work, chest x-
ray, ECG, and 2 mg of morphine given IV. The nurse should first:
• A) Administer morphine
• B) Obtain a 12-lead ECG
• C) Obtain the lab work
• D) Order the chest x-ray
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: A
Rationale: Morphine is a priority intervention for acute MI to relieve severe
pain and reduce preload and myocardial oxygen demand. While ECG and lab
work are important, pain relief is essential to decrease sympathetic stimulation and
further cardiac workload.
,Q4. Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the
heart?
• A) Circumflex artery
• B) Internal mammary artery
• C) Left anterior descending artery
• D) Right coronary artery
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: C
Rationale: The Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery, a branch of the left
coronary artery, supplies blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The
circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall; the right coronary artery supplies the
inferior wall.
Q5. Which of the following blood tests is most indicative of cardiac damage?
• A) Lactate dehydrogenase
• B) Complete blood count (CBC)
• C) Troponin level
• D) Creatine kinase (CK)
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: C
Rationale: Troponin I and T are highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for
cardiac muscle damage. Troponin remains elevated for days after an MI, making it
the preferred diagnostic marker. While CK-MB is also cardiac-specific, troponin is
considered the gold standard.
, Q6. A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to sound
its alarm. A nurse sees no electrocardiogram complexes on the screen. The
first action of the nurse is to:
• A) Check the client status and lead placement
• B) Press the recorder button on the electrocardiogram console
• C) Call the physician
• D) Call a code blue
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: A
Rationale: Check the patient first. A flat line on the monitor may be due to lead
displacement or equipment malfunction, not necessarily cardiac arrest. Assess the
patient's clinical status before initiating emergency protocols.
Q7. The nurse teaches a client about compression stockings. Which of the
following statements, if made by the client, indicates to the nurse that the
teaching was successful?
• A) "I will wear the stockings until the physician tells me to remove them."
• B) "I should wear the stockings even when I am asleep."
• C) "Every four hours I should remove the stockings for a half hour."
• D) "I should put on the stockings before getting out of bed in the morning."
☑ CORRECT ,,,,ANSWER,,,: D
Rationale: Compression stockings should be applied before getting out of bed to
prevent blood pooling in the lower extremities. Stockings are typically removed at
night and may be reapplied in the morning. They are not worn while sleeping
unless specifically ordered.
