NR324- Adult Health I- STUDY GUIDE
Acid-Base, Fluid and Electrolytes Ch. 17~Respiratory System Ch.
26, 27, 28 & 29
TESTING STRATEGIES TO REVIEW
•Analyze the situation described in the question.
•Treat each question as a NEW situation unless otherwise directed.
•Determine what the question is asking.
•ACCEPT that what is the correct nursing action/ answer for one
item MAY NOT be CORRECT in another scenario.
•Select the answer that represents the safest nursing judgment.
•Identify the topic of the question.
•Select an answer by eliminating choices.
•Do not use background information unless necessary.
•Do not “read into” the question.
•Think about what the answer choices really mean
•THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION:
• Open ended responses
• Nonjudgmental response
• ONLY use YES or No questions in a crisis situation.
• “Why”.. Places people on the defensive.
•Delegation/ Assignment
• ONLY AN RN MAY:
• Assess
• Teach
• Perform a skill that requires “clinical judgment”
•POSITIONING:
• Are you being asked to prevent or promote something?
• Does it address the problem?
•PRIORITIZATION:
• Select ACTUAL over Potential problems
• What is the safest thing to do?
• Address the MOST unstable issue first.
The Center for Academic Success offers TESTING Strategies
workshops routinely. All students are recommended to attend at
least one per session. Please reach out to your faculty or directly to
the CAS staff to obtain a schedule.
n
Alternate Type Questions: Multiple Choice - Select all that Apply - Medication
Calculation
Total Number of Questions: Exam 1: 50 questions; 4 points each
Topics Resources
Calculation of Fluid Gain or Loss Lewis et al., 9th
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as a study tool. Students ARE subject to
be tested on any material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and
activities within the course. ***
, NR324- Adult Health I- STUDY GUIDE
One liter of water weighs 2.2 lb (1 kg). Body weight change, especially sudden edition
change, is an excellent indicator of overall fluid volume loss or gain. For example, if
Acid-Base,
a patient drinks 240 mL (8 oz) of fluid, weight gain will be 0.5 lb (0.23 kg). A patient
Fluid and
receiving diuretic therapy who loses 4.4 lb (2 kg) in 24 hours has experienced a fluid Electrolytes Ch.
loss of approximately 2 L. An adult patient who is fasting might lose approximately 17
1 to 2 lb/day. A weight loss exceeding this is likely due to loss of body fluid.
Electrolyte Composition of Fluid Compartments Respiratory
Electrolyte composition varies between ECF and ICF. The overall concentration of System Ch.
26, 27, 28 & 29
electrolytes is approximately the same in the two compartments. However,
concentrations of specific ions differ greatly (Fig. 17-3). In ECF the main cation is Please use the
sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The primary blue highlights
ECF anion is chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate from your E-
anions. book and the
notes attached
to the
highlights in
order to
complement
the study guide
topics for each
chapter
Normal Serum Electrolyte Values
TABLE 17-1 NORMAL SERUM ELECTROLYTE VALUES
Electrolyte Reference Interval
Anions
Bicarbonate (HCO3−) 22-26 mEq/L (22-26 mmol/L)
Chloride (Cl−) 96-106 mEq/L (96-106 mmol/L)
Phosphate (PO43−)* 2.4-4.4 mg/dL (0.78-1.42 mmol/L)
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as a study tool. Students ARE subject to
be tested on any material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and
activities within the course. ***
, NR324- Adult Health I- STUDY GUIDE
Electrolyte Reference Interval
Cations
Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mmol/L)
Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.5-2.5 mEq/L (0.75-1.25 mmol/L)
Sodium (Na+) 135-145 mEq/L (135-145 mmol/L)
Calcium (Ca2+) (total) 8.6-10.2 mg/dL (2.15-2.55 mmol/L)
Calcium (ionized) 4.6-5.3 mg/dL (1.16-1.32 mmol/L)
*
The majority of the phosphorus (P) in the body is found as phosphate (PO43−).
The terms are used interchangeably in this text.
Fluid Volume Deficit
Causes
ECF Volume Deficit ECF Volume Excess
Causes
•↑ Insensible water loss or •Excessive isotonic or
perspiration (high fever, hypotonic IV fluids
heatstroke)
•Heart failure
•Diabetes insipidus
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as a study tool. Students ARE subject to
be tested on any material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and
activities within the course. ***
Acid-Base, Fluid and Electrolytes Ch. 17~Respiratory System Ch.
26, 27, 28 & 29
TESTING STRATEGIES TO REVIEW
•Analyze the situation described in the question.
•Treat each question as a NEW situation unless otherwise directed.
•Determine what the question is asking.
•ACCEPT that what is the correct nursing action/ answer for one
item MAY NOT be CORRECT in another scenario.
•Select the answer that represents the safest nursing judgment.
•Identify the topic of the question.
•Select an answer by eliminating choices.
•Do not use background information unless necessary.
•Do not “read into” the question.
•Think about what the answer choices really mean
•THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION:
• Open ended responses
• Nonjudgmental response
• ONLY use YES or No questions in a crisis situation.
• “Why”.. Places people on the defensive.
•Delegation/ Assignment
• ONLY AN RN MAY:
• Assess
• Teach
• Perform a skill that requires “clinical judgment”
•POSITIONING:
• Are you being asked to prevent or promote something?
• Does it address the problem?
•PRIORITIZATION:
• Select ACTUAL over Potential problems
• What is the safest thing to do?
• Address the MOST unstable issue first.
The Center for Academic Success offers TESTING Strategies
workshops routinely. All students are recommended to attend at
least one per session. Please reach out to your faculty or directly to
the CAS staff to obtain a schedule.
n
Alternate Type Questions: Multiple Choice - Select all that Apply - Medication
Calculation
Total Number of Questions: Exam 1: 50 questions; 4 points each
Topics Resources
Calculation of Fluid Gain or Loss Lewis et al., 9th
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as a study tool. Students ARE subject to
be tested on any material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and
activities within the course. ***
, NR324- Adult Health I- STUDY GUIDE
One liter of water weighs 2.2 lb (1 kg). Body weight change, especially sudden edition
change, is an excellent indicator of overall fluid volume loss or gain. For example, if
Acid-Base,
a patient drinks 240 mL (8 oz) of fluid, weight gain will be 0.5 lb (0.23 kg). A patient
Fluid and
receiving diuretic therapy who loses 4.4 lb (2 kg) in 24 hours has experienced a fluid Electrolytes Ch.
loss of approximately 2 L. An adult patient who is fasting might lose approximately 17
1 to 2 lb/day. A weight loss exceeding this is likely due to loss of body fluid.
Electrolyte Composition of Fluid Compartments Respiratory
Electrolyte composition varies between ECF and ICF. The overall concentration of System Ch.
26, 27, 28 & 29
electrolytes is approximately the same in the two compartments. However,
concentrations of specific ions differ greatly (Fig. 17-3). In ECF the main cation is Please use the
sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The primary blue highlights
ECF anion is chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate from your E-
anions. book and the
notes attached
to the
highlights in
order to
complement
the study guide
topics for each
chapter
Normal Serum Electrolyte Values
TABLE 17-1 NORMAL SERUM ELECTROLYTE VALUES
Electrolyte Reference Interval
Anions
Bicarbonate (HCO3−) 22-26 mEq/L (22-26 mmol/L)
Chloride (Cl−) 96-106 mEq/L (96-106 mmol/L)
Phosphate (PO43−)* 2.4-4.4 mg/dL (0.78-1.42 mmol/L)
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as a study tool. Students ARE subject to
be tested on any material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and
activities within the course. ***
, NR324- Adult Health I- STUDY GUIDE
Electrolyte Reference Interval
Cations
Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mmol/L)
Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.5-2.5 mEq/L (0.75-1.25 mmol/L)
Sodium (Na+) 135-145 mEq/L (135-145 mmol/L)
Calcium (Ca2+) (total) 8.6-10.2 mg/dL (2.15-2.55 mmol/L)
Calcium (ionized) 4.6-5.3 mg/dL (1.16-1.32 mmol/L)
*
The majority of the phosphorus (P) in the body is found as phosphate (PO43−).
The terms are used interchangeably in this text.
Fluid Volume Deficit
Causes
ECF Volume Deficit ECF Volume Excess
Causes
•↑ Insensible water loss or •Excessive isotonic or
perspiration (high fever, hypotonic IV fluids
heatstroke)
•Heart failure
•Diabetes insipidus
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as a study tool. Students ARE subject to
be tested on any material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and
activities within the course. ***
