CHM 113 ASU Exam 1Questions With Verified Accurate Answers

study of properties of materials and changes they undergo - correct answers Definition of Chemistry Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry - correct answers The five major branches of chemistry pure substance, mixture, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, element, compound - correct answers Classifications of matter A compound will always consist of two or more pure substances - correct answers Law of constant composition (for compounds) Physical Property: measured without changing the substance Chemical Property: how substance react or change to form different substances - correct answers The difference between a physical and chemical property Physical Change: substance changes physical appearance without altering its identity Chemical Change: substance transforms into a chemically different substance - correct answers The difference between a physical and chemical change freezing, melting, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, vapor deposition - correct answers The six types of phase changes Intensive Properties: independent of the amount of the substance that is present (density, boiling point, color) Extensive Properties: depend upon the amount of substance present (mass, volume, energy) - correct answers The difference between intensive and extensive properties kg, m, s, K, mol - correct answers The 5 fundamental SI units of measurement Celcius: water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees K= C + 273.15 - correct answers How to convert between Kelvin and Centigrade temperatures; marker temperatures on both scales in reference to water volume = (units of length)^3 = m^3 - correct answers Volume density = (mass/volume) = g/cm^3 or G/mL - correct answers Density G (10^9) - correct answers Giga M (10^6) - correct answers Mega k (10^3) - correct answers Kilo d (10^-1) - correct answers Deci c (10^-2 - correct answers Centi m (10^-3) - correct answers Milli m^b (10^-6) - correct answers Micro n (10^-9) - correct answers Nano p (10^-12) - correct answers Pico how well measured quantities agree with each other - correct answers Precision how well measured quantities agree with the "true value" - correct answers Accuracy desired unit = given unit x (conversion factor) (desired unit) / (given unit) - correct answers Conversion factors Hydrogen - correct answers H Lithium - correct answers Li Sodium - correct answers Na Potassium - correct answers K Beryllium - correct answers Be Magnesium - correct answers Mg Calcium - correct answers Ca Scandium - correct answers Sc Titanium - correct answers Ti Vanadium - correct answers V Chromium - correct answers Cr Manganese - correct answers Mn Iron - correct answers Fe Cobalt - correct answers Co Nickel - correct answers Ni Copper - correct answers Cu Zinc - correct answers Zn Boron - correct answers B Aluminum - correct answers Al Gallium - correct answers Ga Carbon - correct answers C Silicon - correct answers Si Germanium - correct answers Ge Nitrogen - correct answers N Phophorus - correct answers P Arsenic - correct answers As Oxygen - correct answers O Sulfur - correct answers S Selenium - correct answers Se Fluorine - correct answers F Chlorine - correct answers Cl Bromine - correct answers Br Helium - correct answers He Neon - correct answers Ne Argon - correct answers Ar Krypton - correct answers Kr 1. Each element is composed of extremely small, indivisible particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. 3. Atoms of an element are not changed into atoms of a different element by chemical reactions; atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. 4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine in whole number ratios. A specific compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms. - correct answers Dalton's Atomic Theory - correct answers Law of Conservation of Matter and Constant Composition JJ Thomson's CRT, Millikan's Oil Drop expt., discovery of radioactivity, Rutherford's alpha particle expt. - correct answers Groundbreaking experiments that led to the understanding of atomic structure Proton -charge: positive (+1) -mass: 1.0073 amu Neutron -charge: none (neutral) -mass: 1.0087 amu Electron: -charge: negative (-1) -mass: 5.486 x 10^-4 - correct answers The three elementary particles along with their charges, symbols, and relative masses - correct answers The structure of the atom number of protons in the nucleus (subscript) - correct answers Atomic Number total number of protons and neutrons (superscript) - correct answers Mass Number Alkali metals - correct answers Group 1A Alkaline Earth Metals - correct answers Group 2A Halogens - correct answers Group 7A Noble Gases - correct answers Group 8A metals: left side of the chart nonmetals: right side of chart (except H) metalloids: Border the stair-step line - correct answers The location of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals on the periodic table. Metals: ; lose electrons easily Nonmetals: gain electrons easily Metalloids: - correct answers Basic properties of metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 - correct answers Diatomic elements -form from the electrostatic attraction between the positive cations and negative anions -composed of a metal cation and a non-metal anion -metal cation and a polyatomic anion - correct answers Characteristics of an ionic bond and what elements form them -The charge on the cation becomes the subscript on the anion. -The charge on the anion becomes the subscript on the cation. - correct answers Writing formula for ionic compound - correct answers Characteristics of a covalent bond and what elements form them Acid: substance that produces H+ in water Base: substance that produces OH- in water - correct answers The chemical formulas and names of acids, and bases (including which acids/bases are strong/weak) - know the definitions of acids and bases. Two or more substances react to form one product - correct answers Combination Reaction One substance breaks down into two or more substances - correct answers Decomposition Reaction -Most often involve hydrocarbons (CxHy) or carbohydrates (CxHyOz) reacting with oxygen in the air -Leads to production of CO2 and H2O - correct answers Combustion Reaction - correct answers The meaning of the mole concept and why it is used Sum of atomic weights for the atoms in a chemical formula - correct answers Formula Weight Sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule - correct answers Molecular Weight % element = [(number of atoms)(atomic weight)/(fw or mw of the compound)] x 100 - correct answers Mass percentage -mass of 1 mol of a substance -the mass number for the element that we find on the periodic table - correct answers Molar Mass