NSER 7110 FINAL 2026 UPDATE |COMPLETE EXAM SET QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS (SOLUTIONS) | GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!| ALREADY PASSED A+/NEWEST
UPDATE!!!
Bruce is an 80 year-old man transferred from a nursing home with fever, chills, dysuria,
and increasing confusion. An ABG has been drawn. What is his interpretation?
pH 7.30
CO2 30
HCO3 14
PO2 77
SaO2 89%
Bruce has partially compensated metabolic acidosis with mild hypoxemia.
pH is low = acidosis
CO2 is low = alkalosis
HCO3 is low = acidosis
pO2 is 77 = mild hypoxemia.
Bruce us an 80 year-old man transferred from a nursing home with fever, chills, dysuria,
and increasing confusion. Bruce has partially compensated metabolic acidosis with mild
hypoxemia.
pH 7.30, CO2 30, HCO3 14
PO2 77, SaO2 89%
What is Bruce's body doing to compensate for his acid-base imbalance?
a) Shifting the oxygen hemoglobin curve to the left to increase oxygen supply and increase
carbonic acid production
b) Increasing H+ to maintain acidity to promote cell recovery
c) Decreasing his respiratory rate to retain CO2 to reduce the amount of carbonic acid
therefore increasing the pH
d) Increasing his respiratory rate to eliminate CO2 to reduce the amount of carbonic acid
and therefore increasing the pH
Increasing his respiratory rate to eliminate CO2 to reduce the amount of carbonic acid and
therefore increasing the pH
Bruce us an 80 year-old man transferred from a nursing home with fever, chills, dysuria,
and increasing confusion. Bruce has partially compensated metabolic acidosis with mild
hypoxemia.
pH 7.30, CO2 30, HCO3 14
PO2 77, SaO2 89%
, 2
Which of the following interventions would you expect to improve Bruce's pO2? Select all
that apply.
Question options:
a) Administer Tylenol
b) Administer warm fluids
c) Request a social worker consult
d) Administer supplemental oxygen
Administer a unit of PRBCs
Give O2 = increases O2 supply
Give blood = increased O2 supply
Give Tylenol = decreased O2 demand
Dara is a 23 year-old who has been admitted to the ED with intractable vomiting. What's
her ABG interpretation?
Ph 7.50, CO2 36, HCO3 27, pO2 92, SaO2 97%
Dara has uncompensated metabolic alkalosis with no hypoxemia.
pH is high = alkalosis
PCO2 is low normal = normal
HCO3 is high = alkalosis
p02- normal
SaO2- normal = no hypoxemia
Dara is a 23 year-old who has been admitted to the ED with intractable vomiting. Dara has
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis with no hypoxemia.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of Dara's ABG results?
Question options:
a) Muscle breakdown from excessive vomiting
b) Loss of stomach acid through vomiting
c) Dara is pregnant
d) Excessive use of anti-emetics
Loss of stomach acid through vomiting
Dara is losing large amounts of acids through vomiting of gastric secretions, leading to a
metabolic alkalosis. Hydrogen chloride is lost from the body, so the bicarbonate that is added to
, 3
the extracellular fluid is not neutralized by the subsequent secretion of bicarbonate into the more
distal gastrointestinal lumen-->leading to an increase in serum HCO3.
Dara is a 23 year-old who has been admitted to the ED with intractable vomiting. Dara has
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis with no hypoxemia.
Which of the following interventions would best help correct Dara's acid-base imbalance?
Select all that apply.
Administration of anti-emetics
Administration of oral antacid
Initiating an insulin infusion
Initiating IV hydration with normal saline
Initiating non-invasive ventilation with 21% FiO2
Administering anti-emetics and IV hydration treat the underlying problem. Anti-emetics will
help reduce the amount of acid lost through vomiting. IV hydration with a crystaloid solution
(like NS) will assist in correcting extra cellular fluid and intravascular volume to restore the
kidney's ability to excrete bicarbonate.
Johal is an 18 year-old with a history of Crohn's disease and is complaining of a four day
history of bloody-watery diarrhea. What is his ABG interpretation?
pH 7.28, CO2 43, HCO3 20, pO2 88, SaO2 96%
Johal has uncompensated metabolic acidosis with no hypoxemia.
pH is low = acidotic
PCO2 is within normal range
HCO3 is low = acidosis
there is no indication that the PCO2 has attempted to correct the HCO3 = no compensation
pO2 is normal = no hypoxemia
Johal is an 18 year-old with a history of Crohn's disease and has uncompensated metabolic
acidosis with no hypoxemia
Which one of the following statements best describes the pathology behind Johal's ABG
result?
a) It results from CO2 metabolism from the GI system with every diarrhea episode
b)It results from HCO3 loss from the GI system with every diarrhea episode
c) It results from CO2 loss from the GI system with every diarrhea episode
d) It results from the renal retention of HCO3 with every diarrhea episode
, 4
(B) Metabolic acidosis in Johal's case would result from HCO3 loss from the GI system with
every diarrhea episode.
Johal is an 18 year-old with a history of Crohn's disease and has uncompensated metabolic
acidosis with no hypoxemia
Which of the following nursing interventions would you anticipate completing during a
primary assessment of Johal? Select all that apply.
Suctioning oral secretions
Administering supplemental oxygen
Central line insertion
Administration of IV fluids
Applying the cardiac monitor
Give O2 = increase supply to improve tissue ischemia.
IV fluids = correct fluid deficit (hypovolemia) to restore glomerular filtration rate and therefore
decrease renal sodium reabsorption. This, in turn, will restore renal acid excretion. It will also
Increase tissue perfusion decreasing anaerobic metabolism.
Applyi cardiac monitor = to assess and monitor for cardiac ischemia and acid-base imbalance-
related electrical changes.
Luis is a 65 year-old who presents to the ED with acute shortness of breath. He has a
history of COPD and is presumed to be having an exacerbation. What's his ABG
interpretation?
pH 7.37, CO2 63, HCO3 30, pO2 58, SaO2 84%
Luis has fully compensated respiratory acidosis with moderate hypoxemia.
pH is low normal = normal (but closer to being acidotic)
CO2 is high = acidosis
HCO3 is high = alkalosis
the normalized pH indicates that the renal system has been able to compensate for the increased
CO2 and achieve homeostasis;
pO2 of 58 = moderate hypoxemia
Luis is a 65 year-old who presents to the ED with acute shortness of breath and has fully
compensated respiratory acidosis with moderate hypoxemia
Which one of the following statements about the pathophysiology behind Luis's ABG result
ANSWERS (SOLUTIONS) | GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!| ALREADY PASSED A+/NEWEST
UPDATE!!!
Bruce is an 80 year-old man transferred from a nursing home with fever, chills, dysuria,
and increasing confusion. An ABG has been drawn. What is his interpretation?
pH 7.30
CO2 30
HCO3 14
PO2 77
SaO2 89%
Bruce has partially compensated metabolic acidosis with mild hypoxemia.
pH is low = acidosis
CO2 is low = alkalosis
HCO3 is low = acidosis
pO2 is 77 = mild hypoxemia.
Bruce us an 80 year-old man transferred from a nursing home with fever, chills, dysuria,
and increasing confusion. Bruce has partially compensated metabolic acidosis with mild
hypoxemia.
pH 7.30, CO2 30, HCO3 14
PO2 77, SaO2 89%
What is Bruce's body doing to compensate for his acid-base imbalance?
a) Shifting the oxygen hemoglobin curve to the left to increase oxygen supply and increase
carbonic acid production
b) Increasing H+ to maintain acidity to promote cell recovery
c) Decreasing his respiratory rate to retain CO2 to reduce the amount of carbonic acid
therefore increasing the pH
d) Increasing his respiratory rate to eliminate CO2 to reduce the amount of carbonic acid
and therefore increasing the pH
Increasing his respiratory rate to eliminate CO2 to reduce the amount of carbonic acid and
therefore increasing the pH
Bruce us an 80 year-old man transferred from a nursing home with fever, chills, dysuria,
and increasing confusion. Bruce has partially compensated metabolic acidosis with mild
hypoxemia.
pH 7.30, CO2 30, HCO3 14
PO2 77, SaO2 89%
, 2
Which of the following interventions would you expect to improve Bruce's pO2? Select all
that apply.
Question options:
a) Administer Tylenol
b) Administer warm fluids
c) Request a social worker consult
d) Administer supplemental oxygen
Administer a unit of PRBCs
Give O2 = increases O2 supply
Give blood = increased O2 supply
Give Tylenol = decreased O2 demand
Dara is a 23 year-old who has been admitted to the ED with intractable vomiting. What's
her ABG interpretation?
Ph 7.50, CO2 36, HCO3 27, pO2 92, SaO2 97%
Dara has uncompensated metabolic alkalosis with no hypoxemia.
pH is high = alkalosis
PCO2 is low normal = normal
HCO3 is high = alkalosis
p02- normal
SaO2- normal = no hypoxemia
Dara is a 23 year-old who has been admitted to the ED with intractable vomiting. Dara has
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis with no hypoxemia.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of Dara's ABG results?
Question options:
a) Muscle breakdown from excessive vomiting
b) Loss of stomach acid through vomiting
c) Dara is pregnant
d) Excessive use of anti-emetics
Loss of stomach acid through vomiting
Dara is losing large amounts of acids through vomiting of gastric secretions, leading to a
metabolic alkalosis. Hydrogen chloride is lost from the body, so the bicarbonate that is added to
, 3
the extracellular fluid is not neutralized by the subsequent secretion of bicarbonate into the more
distal gastrointestinal lumen-->leading to an increase in serum HCO3.
Dara is a 23 year-old who has been admitted to the ED with intractable vomiting. Dara has
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis with no hypoxemia.
Which of the following interventions would best help correct Dara's acid-base imbalance?
Select all that apply.
Administration of anti-emetics
Administration of oral antacid
Initiating an insulin infusion
Initiating IV hydration with normal saline
Initiating non-invasive ventilation with 21% FiO2
Administering anti-emetics and IV hydration treat the underlying problem. Anti-emetics will
help reduce the amount of acid lost through vomiting. IV hydration with a crystaloid solution
(like NS) will assist in correcting extra cellular fluid and intravascular volume to restore the
kidney's ability to excrete bicarbonate.
Johal is an 18 year-old with a history of Crohn's disease and is complaining of a four day
history of bloody-watery diarrhea. What is his ABG interpretation?
pH 7.28, CO2 43, HCO3 20, pO2 88, SaO2 96%
Johal has uncompensated metabolic acidosis with no hypoxemia.
pH is low = acidotic
PCO2 is within normal range
HCO3 is low = acidosis
there is no indication that the PCO2 has attempted to correct the HCO3 = no compensation
pO2 is normal = no hypoxemia
Johal is an 18 year-old with a history of Crohn's disease and has uncompensated metabolic
acidosis with no hypoxemia
Which one of the following statements best describes the pathology behind Johal's ABG
result?
a) It results from CO2 metabolism from the GI system with every diarrhea episode
b)It results from HCO3 loss from the GI system with every diarrhea episode
c) It results from CO2 loss from the GI system with every diarrhea episode
d) It results from the renal retention of HCO3 with every diarrhea episode
, 4
(B) Metabolic acidosis in Johal's case would result from HCO3 loss from the GI system with
every diarrhea episode.
Johal is an 18 year-old with a history of Crohn's disease and has uncompensated metabolic
acidosis with no hypoxemia
Which of the following nursing interventions would you anticipate completing during a
primary assessment of Johal? Select all that apply.
Suctioning oral secretions
Administering supplemental oxygen
Central line insertion
Administration of IV fluids
Applying the cardiac monitor
Give O2 = increase supply to improve tissue ischemia.
IV fluids = correct fluid deficit (hypovolemia) to restore glomerular filtration rate and therefore
decrease renal sodium reabsorption. This, in turn, will restore renal acid excretion. It will also
Increase tissue perfusion decreasing anaerobic metabolism.
Applyi cardiac monitor = to assess and monitor for cardiac ischemia and acid-base imbalance-
related electrical changes.
Luis is a 65 year-old who presents to the ED with acute shortness of breath. He has a
history of COPD and is presumed to be having an exacerbation. What's his ABG
interpretation?
pH 7.37, CO2 63, HCO3 30, pO2 58, SaO2 84%
Luis has fully compensated respiratory acidosis with moderate hypoxemia.
pH is low normal = normal (but closer to being acidotic)
CO2 is high = acidosis
HCO3 is high = alkalosis
the normalized pH indicates that the renal system has been able to compensate for the increased
CO2 and achieve homeostasis;
pO2 of 58 = moderate hypoxemia
Luis is a 65 year-old who presents to the ED with acute shortness of breath and has fully
compensated respiratory acidosis with moderate hypoxemia
Which one of the following statements about the pathophysiology behind Luis's ABG result
