NURS 6501 Midterm Weeks 1-6 Exam |
Questions and correct detailed Answers
| 2026 Updates | 100% correct
Phagocytosis - ANSWER- -process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf
large particles and take them into the cell
lysosomal enzymes - ANSWER- -can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic
acids
oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER- -When energy is released at each step of the chain is
stored in a form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
Glycolysis - ANSWER- -the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic
acid.
passive transport - ANSWER- -The movement of materials through a cell membrane without
using energy
active transport - ANSWER- -the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
Cellular Adaptation - ANSWER- -the cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
cellular injury - ANSWER- -occurs if cell is unable to maintain homeostasis
,free radicals - ANSWER- -Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially
wrinkling and sagging of the skin.
oxidative stress - ANSWER- -a condition in which the production of oxidants and free radicals
exceeds the body's ability to handle them and prevent damage
chemical injury - ANSWER- -Toxic chemicals or poisons can cause cellular injury both
indirectly and by becoming metabolized into reactive chemicals by the body
carbon monoxide - ANSWER- -a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by
incomplete combustion of carbon.
lead poisoning - ANSWER- -A medical condition caused by toxic levels of the metal lead in
the blood
necrosis - ANSWER- -tissue death
Apoptosis - ANSWER- -programmed cell death
Hyponatremia - ANSWER- -low sodium blood levels due to consuming too much water
without electrolytes
Hypernatremia - ANSWER- -increased temp, weakness, disorientation, delusions,
hypotension, tachycardia. give hypotonic solution.
Hypokalemia - ANSWER- -deficient level of potassium in the blood
, Hyperkalemia - ANSWER- -high levels of potassium in the blood
Hypocalcemia - ANSWER- -CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
Hypercalcemia - ANSWER- -muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain,
confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER- -High pH, High HCO3; Compensation: Respiratory Acidosis
metabolic acidosis - ANSWER- -Abnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in
the extracellular fluid caused by either a primary increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in
bicarbonate.
respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER- -Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive
breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
respiratory acidosis - ANSWER- -A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
edema - ANSWER- -Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
Down Syndrome - ANSWER- -a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical
disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
polyploidy - ANSWER- -condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Aneuploidy - ANSWER- -the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
Questions and correct detailed Answers
| 2026 Updates | 100% correct
Phagocytosis - ANSWER- -process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf
large particles and take them into the cell
lysosomal enzymes - ANSWER- -can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic
acids
oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER- -When energy is released at each step of the chain is
stored in a form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
Glycolysis - ANSWER- -the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic
acid.
passive transport - ANSWER- -The movement of materials through a cell membrane without
using energy
active transport - ANSWER- -the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
Cellular Adaptation - ANSWER- -the cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
cellular injury - ANSWER- -occurs if cell is unable to maintain homeostasis
,free radicals - ANSWER- -Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially
wrinkling and sagging of the skin.
oxidative stress - ANSWER- -a condition in which the production of oxidants and free radicals
exceeds the body's ability to handle them and prevent damage
chemical injury - ANSWER- -Toxic chemicals or poisons can cause cellular injury both
indirectly and by becoming metabolized into reactive chemicals by the body
carbon monoxide - ANSWER- -a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by
incomplete combustion of carbon.
lead poisoning - ANSWER- -A medical condition caused by toxic levels of the metal lead in
the blood
necrosis - ANSWER- -tissue death
Apoptosis - ANSWER- -programmed cell death
Hyponatremia - ANSWER- -low sodium blood levels due to consuming too much water
without electrolytes
Hypernatremia - ANSWER- -increased temp, weakness, disorientation, delusions,
hypotension, tachycardia. give hypotonic solution.
Hypokalemia - ANSWER- -deficient level of potassium in the blood
, Hyperkalemia - ANSWER- -high levels of potassium in the blood
Hypocalcemia - ANSWER- -CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
Hypercalcemia - ANSWER- -muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain,
confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER- -High pH, High HCO3; Compensation: Respiratory Acidosis
metabolic acidosis - ANSWER- -Abnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in
the extracellular fluid caused by either a primary increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in
bicarbonate.
respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER- -Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive
breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
respiratory acidosis - ANSWER- -A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
edema - ANSWER- -Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
Down Syndrome - ANSWER- -a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical
disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
polyploidy - ANSWER- -condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Aneuploidy - ANSWER- -the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
