UNCW BIO 202 Exam 2: Gymnosperms – Study Guide, Key Concepts &
Exam Review
Importance of leaves and seeds: - ✔✔Provide higher surface area for capturing sunlight
______ produce the simplest most ancient leaves called lyophiles or microphylls -
✔✔Lycophytes
Uphill’s or megaphylls are leaves with ______ - ✔✔extensively branched veins
_____ are sporangium with single spore and small egg producing gametophyte inside. -
✔✔Ovules
Ovules are enclosed by _____, a tough outer protective layer - ✔✔Integuments
Seed plants produce two distinct types of spores in two different types of sporangia - ✔✔-
Microspores in microsporangia (male gametophyte)
- Megaspores in megasporangia (female gametophyte)
Double fertilization: - ✔✔- one sperm fertilizes egg to become an embryo
- other sperm fuses with different gametophyte tissue to form endosperm
- ovule's integument develops into protective, hard and tough seed coat.
_____ allow embryos access to food supplied by the older sporophyte generation - ✔✔Seeds
_____ are able to remain dormant in the soil and wait to favorable conditions - ✔✔Seeds
, Advantages of seed adaptation: - ✔✔- improve dispersal
- store large amounts of food
- sperm can reach egg without having to rely on water
Most lycophytes and Pteridophytes release on type of spore and one type of gametophyte -
✔✔Homospory
Gymnosperms and angiosperms produce microspores and megaspores - ✔✔Heterospory
Advantage of heterospory: - ✔✔increase cross fertilization
Major critical innovations shared by all seed plants: - ✔✔- pollen
- ovules
- seeds
- wood
_____ allows seed plants to disperse male gametophytes - ✔✔Pollen
Ovules provide ______ and ______ to female gametophytes and embryos - ✔✔protection,
nutrition
_____ allows plants to reproduce in diverse habitats - ✔✔Seeds
_____ strengthens plants, allowing them to grow tall and produce many branches, leaves, and
seeds. - ✔✔Wood
Critical innovations of conifers: - ✔✔- Tracheid forms (foster water flow in arid/cold climate)
Exam Review
Importance of leaves and seeds: - ✔✔Provide higher surface area for capturing sunlight
______ produce the simplest most ancient leaves called lyophiles or microphylls -
✔✔Lycophytes
Uphill’s or megaphylls are leaves with ______ - ✔✔extensively branched veins
_____ are sporangium with single spore and small egg producing gametophyte inside. -
✔✔Ovules
Ovules are enclosed by _____, a tough outer protective layer - ✔✔Integuments
Seed plants produce two distinct types of spores in two different types of sporangia - ✔✔-
Microspores in microsporangia (male gametophyte)
- Megaspores in megasporangia (female gametophyte)
Double fertilization: - ✔✔- one sperm fertilizes egg to become an embryo
- other sperm fuses with different gametophyte tissue to form endosperm
- ovule's integument develops into protective, hard and tough seed coat.
_____ allow embryos access to food supplied by the older sporophyte generation - ✔✔Seeds
_____ are able to remain dormant in the soil and wait to favorable conditions - ✔✔Seeds
, Advantages of seed adaptation: - ✔✔- improve dispersal
- store large amounts of food
- sperm can reach egg without having to rely on water
Most lycophytes and Pteridophytes release on type of spore and one type of gametophyte -
✔✔Homospory
Gymnosperms and angiosperms produce microspores and megaspores - ✔✔Heterospory
Advantage of heterospory: - ✔✔increase cross fertilization
Major critical innovations shared by all seed plants: - ✔✔- pollen
- ovules
- seeds
- wood
_____ allows seed plants to disperse male gametophytes - ✔✔Pollen
Ovules provide ______ and ______ to female gametophytes and embryos - ✔✔protection,
nutrition
_____ allows plants to reproduce in diverse habitats - ✔✔Seeds
_____ strengthens plants, allowing them to grow tall and produce many branches, leaves, and
seeds. - ✔✔Wood
Critical innovations of conifers: - ✔✔- Tracheid forms (foster water flow in arid/cold climate)
