WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE
INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Heterotrophs.
Answer: absorb nutrients from outside the body
◉ Roles of fungi.
Answer: decomposers, parasites, mutualists (symbiotic and
microrizzae), early land colonizers
◉ What do fungi use to break complex molecules?.
Answer: Enzymes
◉ Chitin.
Answer: made of cellulose, make up the cell walls of fungi
◉ Hyphae.
Answer: continuous strands above/below ground, generate spores,
colonizes soil
◉ Fungi life cycle.
Answer:
,◉ Mycellum.
Answer: a collective group of hyphae
◉ Karyogamy.
Answer: fusion of genetic information
◉ Diploid phase following karyogamy.
Answer: short lived (2n) spore producing structures and (1n) spores
◉ Chytrids.
Answer: -found in freshwater and terrestrial habitats
-decomposers, mutualistic, saprobic, or parasitic
-diverged early in fungal evolution
-zoospores: flagellated spores
◉ Zygomycetes.
Answer: fast growing bread and fruit molds, zygosporangia
◉ zygosporangia.
Answer: site of karyogamy and then meiosis
, ◉ Pilobolus.
Answer: aim their sporangia to the light
◉ Glomeromycetes.
Answer: Arbuscular mycorrhizae
Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
◉ Mycorrhizae.
Answer: -"fungus roots"
-delivers minerals and receives organic nutrients
-increase plant productivity
-strong added benefit to plants
◉ Ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Answer: grow in extracellular spaces of roots
◉ Endomycorrihizal fungi.
Answer: hyphae go through cell wall to plasma membrane
◉ Ascomycetes.
Answer: -produce saclike asci contained in fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Heterotrophs.
Answer: absorb nutrients from outside the body
◉ Roles of fungi.
Answer: decomposers, parasites, mutualists (symbiotic and
microrizzae), early land colonizers
◉ What do fungi use to break complex molecules?.
Answer: Enzymes
◉ Chitin.
Answer: made of cellulose, make up the cell walls of fungi
◉ Hyphae.
Answer: continuous strands above/below ground, generate spores,
colonizes soil
◉ Fungi life cycle.
Answer:
,◉ Mycellum.
Answer: a collective group of hyphae
◉ Karyogamy.
Answer: fusion of genetic information
◉ Diploid phase following karyogamy.
Answer: short lived (2n) spore producing structures and (1n) spores
◉ Chytrids.
Answer: -found in freshwater and terrestrial habitats
-decomposers, mutualistic, saprobic, or parasitic
-diverged early in fungal evolution
-zoospores: flagellated spores
◉ Zygomycetes.
Answer: fast growing bread and fruit molds, zygosporangia
◉ zygosporangia.
Answer: site of karyogamy and then meiosis
, ◉ Pilobolus.
Answer: aim their sporangia to the light
◉ Glomeromycetes.
Answer: Arbuscular mycorrhizae
Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
◉ Mycorrhizae.
Answer: -"fungus roots"
-delivers minerals and receives organic nutrients
-increase plant productivity
-strong added benefit to plants
◉ Ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Answer: grow in extracellular spaces of roots
◉ Endomycorrihizal fungi.
Answer: hyphae go through cell wall to plasma membrane
◉ Ascomycetes.
Answer: -produce saclike asci contained in fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
