WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 1 CORE CELL
STRUCTURE, ORGANELLES, AND BASIC
BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES REVIEW 2026
◉ parenchyma.
Answer: Fundamental tissue composed of thin-walled living cells
that function in photosynthesis and storage.
◉ Collenchyma.
Answer: type of ground tissue cell with a strong, flexible cell wall;
helps support larger plants
◉ Sclerenchyma.
Answer: type of ground-tissue cell with an extremely thick, rigid cell
wall that makes ground tissue tough and strong
◉ apical meristem.
Answer: Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds
of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.
◉ lateral meristems.
,Answer: A meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody
plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral
meristems.
◉ shoot apical meristem.
Answer: dome-shaped mass of dividing cells at the shoot tip
◉ Gymnosperms and eudicots.
Answer: vascular bundles are arranged in a ring
◉ Monocots.
Answer: vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem
◉ secondary growth.
Answer: Growth produced by lateral meristems, which thickens the
roots and shoots of woody plants.
◉ vascular cambium.
Answer: A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds
layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood)
and secondary phloem.
◉ cork cambium.
,Answer: Lateral meristematic tissue that produces the outer
covering of stems
◉ turgor pressure.
Answer: The pressure that water molecules exert against the cell
wall
◉ turgid.
Answer: swollen, inflated
◉ flaccid.
Answer: deflated, limp
◉ apoplastic route.
Answer: water and solutes move along the continuum of cell walls
and extracellular spaces
◉ Sympoplastic route.
Answer: transport within the membrane
◉ active transport.
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
, ◉ passive transport.
Answer: the movement of substances across a cell membrane
without the use of energy by the cell
◉ Bulk/mass flow.
Answer: mass movement of liquid caused by pressure, gravity, or
both
◉ Stomata.
Answer: Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which
oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
◉ phloem sap.
Answer: a mixture of sugar, nutrients, and water that flows through
phloem vessels in a plant
◉ transportation of sugar.
Answer: loading, osmosis, phloem turgor pressure increase, water
pressure push, unloading, water back into xylem
◉ Xylem movement.
Answer: pull-powered
STRUCTURE, ORGANELLES, AND BASIC
BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES REVIEW 2026
◉ parenchyma.
Answer: Fundamental tissue composed of thin-walled living cells
that function in photosynthesis and storage.
◉ Collenchyma.
Answer: type of ground tissue cell with a strong, flexible cell wall;
helps support larger plants
◉ Sclerenchyma.
Answer: type of ground-tissue cell with an extremely thick, rigid cell
wall that makes ground tissue tough and strong
◉ apical meristem.
Answer: Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds
of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.
◉ lateral meristems.
,Answer: A meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody
plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral
meristems.
◉ shoot apical meristem.
Answer: dome-shaped mass of dividing cells at the shoot tip
◉ Gymnosperms and eudicots.
Answer: vascular bundles are arranged in a ring
◉ Monocots.
Answer: vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem
◉ secondary growth.
Answer: Growth produced by lateral meristems, which thickens the
roots and shoots of woody plants.
◉ vascular cambium.
Answer: A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds
layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood)
and secondary phloem.
◉ cork cambium.
,Answer: Lateral meristematic tissue that produces the outer
covering of stems
◉ turgor pressure.
Answer: The pressure that water molecules exert against the cell
wall
◉ turgid.
Answer: swollen, inflated
◉ flaccid.
Answer: deflated, limp
◉ apoplastic route.
Answer: water and solutes move along the continuum of cell walls
and extracellular spaces
◉ Sympoplastic route.
Answer: transport within the membrane
◉ active transport.
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
, ◉ passive transport.
Answer: the movement of substances across a cell membrane
without the use of energy by the cell
◉ Bulk/mass flow.
Answer: mass movement of liquid caused by pressure, gravity, or
both
◉ Stomata.
Answer: Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which
oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
◉ phloem sap.
Answer: a mixture of sugar, nutrients, and water that flows through
phloem vessels in a plant
◉ transportation of sugar.
Answer: loading, osmosis, phloem turgor pressure increase, water
pressure push, unloading, water back into xylem
◉ Xylem movement.
Answer: pull-powered
