Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 4 REVISED
AND UPDATED FOR 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Save
Terms in this set (200)
Normal Blood Gas Values pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaO2: 80 - 100 mmHg
PaCO2: 35 - 45 mmHg
ventilation ability to clear CO2
oxygenation the process of delivering oxygen to the blood
,causes for CO2 increase -CO2 is being produced but not being exhaled
quickly enough
-increase in CO2 by increased metabolism like
fever or exercise
-PaCO2 in ABG is increased therefore pH
decreases
-as CO2 accumulates, peripheral and central
chemoreceptors signal brain to increase RR
-PaCO2 is influenced by alveolar minute
ventilation and CO2 production
-ventilation is influenced by alveolar minute
ventilation and Co2 production
-O2 sat decreases because increased CO2
pressure keeps O2 away
alveolar minute ventilation alveolar volume x RR
hypoxemia normal P (A-a) O2 -lungs are working fine but there is problem
(15-20) above airways
-altitude
-nitrogen gas poisoning
-fire smoke (O2 displacement)
Alveolar hypoventilation increased not getting enough ventilation into the alveoli,
P (A-a) O2 reducing oxygen
(>20) -ex. OD antidepressants slowing RR
fixed with O2 and increased ventilation
causes of hypoxemia with increased V/Q mismatch
P Shunt
Diffusion Defect
, V/Q mismatch areas of our lungs that are receiving ventilation
are not matched with perfused areas.
when there is high CO2, pulmonary vessels
selectively vasoconstirct so blood goes where
best work is done
low ventilation but normal perfusion because of
airway secretions
somewhat hypoxemic but not as severe as shunt
shunt extreme VQ mismatch
severe pneumonia
ARDS
when alveoli is filled with something that should
not be there (fluid, blood, or infection) or alveoli
is collapsed (atelectasis) Very hypoxemic
diffusion defect conditions where there is a problem in O2
diffusing into the bloodstream: like with interstitial
lung disease, some sort of irritation, body tries to
restore damage, and fibroblasts lines up on the
alveolar walls. other examples are pulmonary
edema, hydrostatic pressure is too great, leaking
into interstitial space
work of breathing - resistance pressure that is required to overcome the
resistance to gas flow through the airway during
prespiration
AND UPDATED FOR 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Save
Terms in this set (200)
Normal Blood Gas Values pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaO2: 80 - 100 mmHg
PaCO2: 35 - 45 mmHg
ventilation ability to clear CO2
oxygenation the process of delivering oxygen to the blood
,causes for CO2 increase -CO2 is being produced but not being exhaled
quickly enough
-increase in CO2 by increased metabolism like
fever or exercise
-PaCO2 in ABG is increased therefore pH
decreases
-as CO2 accumulates, peripheral and central
chemoreceptors signal brain to increase RR
-PaCO2 is influenced by alveolar minute
ventilation and CO2 production
-ventilation is influenced by alveolar minute
ventilation and Co2 production
-O2 sat decreases because increased CO2
pressure keeps O2 away
alveolar minute ventilation alveolar volume x RR
hypoxemia normal P (A-a) O2 -lungs are working fine but there is problem
(15-20) above airways
-altitude
-nitrogen gas poisoning
-fire smoke (O2 displacement)
Alveolar hypoventilation increased not getting enough ventilation into the alveoli,
P (A-a) O2 reducing oxygen
(>20) -ex. OD antidepressants slowing RR
fixed with O2 and increased ventilation
causes of hypoxemia with increased V/Q mismatch
P Shunt
Diffusion Defect
, V/Q mismatch areas of our lungs that are receiving ventilation
are not matched with perfused areas.
when there is high CO2, pulmonary vessels
selectively vasoconstirct so blood goes where
best work is done
low ventilation but normal perfusion because of
airway secretions
somewhat hypoxemic but not as severe as shunt
shunt extreme VQ mismatch
severe pneumonia
ARDS
when alveoli is filled with something that should
not be there (fluid, blood, or infection) or alveoli
is collapsed (atelectasis) Very hypoxemic
diffusion defect conditions where there is a problem in O2
diffusing into the bloodstream: like with interstitial
lung disease, some sort of irritation, body tries to
restore damage, and fibroblasts lines up on the
alveolar walls. other examples are pulmonary
edema, hydrostatic pressure is too great, leaking
into interstitial space
work of breathing - resistance pressure that is required to overcome the
resistance to gas flow through the airway during
prespiration
