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GALEN NUR 242 EXAM 2 MED-SURG ||
COMPLETE TEST QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
Causes of fluid overload - correct-answer -•Excessive fluid replacement
•Kidney failure (late phase)
•Heart failure
•Long term corticosteroid therapy
•Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
•Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
•Water intoxication
s/s fluid overload - correct-answer -•CV: tachycardia, bounding pulse, HTN,
decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight gain
•Resp: increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
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•Skin: pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
•Neuromuscular: LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle weakness, paresthesia
•GI: increase motility, enlarge liver
Assessment for fluid overload - correct-answer -•Assess risk r/t age and diagnosis,
history (overhydration, CHF, kidney disease)
•Assess vital signs why: watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias,
tachypnea
•Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
•Assess lab values: electrolytes imbalance and signs and symptoms
• Focus Assessment: skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum area for edema
•Assess perfusion: edema may impair perfusion to extremities, assess peripheral
and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color, temp, sensory and motor function
•Observe for urine output
Lab values fluid overload - correct-answer -•Serum osmolality (275-295
mOsm/kg)
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•Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical finding
•CBC
•Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
•BUN
•decreased BUN
•Electrolytes
•Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
•Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
fluid overload interventions/goal - correct-answer -•Goal: reduce excess body
fluids, promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
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Fluid overload complications - correct-answer -•Isotonic overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Fluid overload medications - correct-answer -Furosemide
Mannitol
S/S of dehydration - correct-answer -•Vital signs: hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse,
hypotension, decrease CVP
•Neuromusculoskeletal: Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue
•GI: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
•Renal: Oliguria
•Other signs: Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken
eyeballs, flat neck vein
GALEN NUR 242 EXAM 2 MED-SURG ||
COMPLETE TEST QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
Causes of fluid overload - correct-answer -•Excessive fluid replacement
•Kidney failure (late phase)
•Heart failure
•Long term corticosteroid therapy
•Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
•Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
•Water intoxication
s/s fluid overload - correct-answer -•CV: tachycardia, bounding pulse, HTN,
decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight gain
•Resp: increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
,2|Page
•Skin: pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
•Neuromuscular: LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle weakness, paresthesia
•GI: increase motility, enlarge liver
Assessment for fluid overload - correct-answer -•Assess risk r/t age and diagnosis,
history (overhydration, CHF, kidney disease)
•Assess vital signs why: watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias,
tachypnea
•Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
•Assess lab values: electrolytes imbalance and signs and symptoms
• Focus Assessment: skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum area for edema
•Assess perfusion: edema may impair perfusion to extremities, assess peripheral
and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color, temp, sensory and motor function
•Observe for urine output
Lab values fluid overload - correct-answer -•Serum osmolality (275-295
mOsm/kg)
,3|Page
•Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical finding
•CBC
•Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
•BUN
•decreased BUN
•Electrolytes
•Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
•Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
fluid overload interventions/goal - correct-answer -•Goal: reduce excess body
fluids, promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
, 4|Page
Fluid overload complications - correct-answer -•Isotonic overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Fluid overload medications - correct-answer -Furosemide
Mannitol
S/S of dehydration - correct-answer -•Vital signs: hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse,
hypotension, decrease CVP
•Neuromusculoskeletal: Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue
•GI: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
•Renal: Oliguria
•Other signs: Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken
eyeballs, flat neck vein
