Portage Learning BIOD 101 Module 6 Exam (2025) Exam Questions &
Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026!! STUDY GUIDE
EXAM
nucleoid region - (ANSWER)non-membrane bound location of DNA and bacterial chromosomes in a
prokaryotic cell.
Plasmids - (ANSWER)small circular regions of DNA in bacteria
cytoplasm - (ANSWER)intracellular region responsible for suspending ribosomes and plasmids
ribosomes - (ANSWER)contain unique RNA and proteins that can be targeted by antibiotics; in
prokaryotes not membrane-bound and smaller than in eukaryotes
plasma membrane - (ANSWER)semi-permeable wall allowing for diffusion of certain ions and molecules,
and can provide an area for metabolic functions
cell wall - (ANSWER)rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane, responsible for cell shape and
protection from environmental stressors
capsule - (ANSWER)sticky outer layer of bacteria, provides mechanism of adhesion to host cells or other
bacteria
fimbriae - (ANSWER)hair-like structures extending from cell wall, used for attachment to host cells or
other bacteria
flagella - (ANSWER)whip-like structures allowing prokaryotes to move
peptidoglycan - (ANSWER)a polymer consisting of two cross-linked sugars, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
and N-acetylmuric acid (NAM)
, Portage Learning BIOD 101 Module 6 Exam (2025) Exam Questions &
Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026!! STUDY GUIDE
EXAM
Gram positive bacteria - (ANSWER)bacteria with simple cell wall made of a thick peptidoglycan layer,
appears purple with gram-stain
Gram negative bacteria - (ANSWER)bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an additional
outer membrane made of lipopolysaccharides, appears red or pink with gram-staining
Penicillin - (ANSWER)commonly used to treat gram-positive infections
Cocci - (ANSWER)bacteria with a spherical shape
Bacilli - (ANSWER)bacteria with a rod shape
Spiral - (ANSWER)bacteria with a spiral shape
Diplococci - (ANSWER)two cocci cells paired together
strepto - (ANSWER)chains of cocci
staphylo - (ANSWER)clusters of cocci
pathogen - (ANSWER)anything that causes disease in a human
Innate immunity mechanisms - (ANSWER)1. physical barriers
2. antimicrobial proteins
3. cellular defenses
Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026!! STUDY GUIDE
EXAM
nucleoid region - (ANSWER)non-membrane bound location of DNA and bacterial chromosomes in a
prokaryotic cell.
Plasmids - (ANSWER)small circular regions of DNA in bacteria
cytoplasm - (ANSWER)intracellular region responsible for suspending ribosomes and plasmids
ribosomes - (ANSWER)contain unique RNA and proteins that can be targeted by antibiotics; in
prokaryotes not membrane-bound and smaller than in eukaryotes
plasma membrane - (ANSWER)semi-permeable wall allowing for diffusion of certain ions and molecules,
and can provide an area for metabolic functions
cell wall - (ANSWER)rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane, responsible for cell shape and
protection from environmental stressors
capsule - (ANSWER)sticky outer layer of bacteria, provides mechanism of adhesion to host cells or other
bacteria
fimbriae - (ANSWER)hair-like structures extending from cell wall, used for attachment to host cells or
other bacteria
flagella - (ANSWER)whip-like structures allowing prokaryotes to move
peptidoglycan - (ANSWER)a polymer consisting of two cross-linked sugars, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
and N-acetylmuric acid (NAM)
, Portage Learning BIOD 101 Module 6 Exam (2025) Exam Questions &
Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026!! STUDY GUIDE
EXAM
Gram positive bacteria - (ANSWER)bacteria with simple cell wall made of a thick peptidoglycan layer,
appears purple with gram-stain
Gram negative bacteria - (ANSWER)bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an additional
outer membrane made of lipopolysaccharides, appears red or pink with gram-staining
Penicillin - (ANSWER)commonly used to treat gram-positive infections
Cocci - (ANSWER)bacteria with a spherical shape
Bacilli - (ANSWER)bacteria with a rod shape
Spiral - (ANSWER)bacteria with a spiral shape
Diplococci - (ANSWER)two cocci cells paired together
strepto - (ANSWER)chains of cocci
staphylo - (ANSWER)clusters of cocci
pathogen - (ANSWER)anything that causes disease in a human
Innate immunity mechanisms - (ANSWER)1. physical barriers
2. antimicrobial proteins
3. cellular defenses
