Advanced PN VATI Pharmacology Multiple
Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers and
Explanations for 2025/2026 Nursing Exams
1. A nurse is caring for a client with myasthenia gravis who is experiencing increasing
muscle weakness and difficulty swallowing. Which medication should the nurse
anticipate administering?
A. Atropine
B. Prednisone
C. Pyridostigmine
D. Dantrolene
Explanation: Pyridostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that improves neuromuscular
transmission and is the first-line treatment for myasthenia gravis.
2. A client receiving warfarin therapy has an INR of 5.8 and no evidence of bleeding.
Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering?
A. Protamine sulfate
B. Phytonadione
C. Alteplase
D. Heparin
Explanation: Phytonadione (vitamin K) reverses the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and is
indicated when INR values are excessively elevated.
3. Which laboratory value should a nurse monitor most closely in a client receiving
gentamicin?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Platelet count
C. White blood cell count
D. Serum creatinine
, Explanation: Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin are nephrotoxic; therefore, renal function
must be closely monitored.
4. A client taking digoxin reports nausea and visual disturbances. Which action should the
nurse take first?
A. Administer an antiemetic
B. Increase fluid intake
C. Obtain the client's apical pulse and withhold the medication
D. Administer potassium supplements immediately
Explanation: Nausea and visual disturbances are signs of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should
assess the apical pulse and withhold the medication if indicated.
5. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for in a client receiving furosemide?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypokalemia
Explanation: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion and commonly cause hypokalemia.
6. A nurse is teaching a client who is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for angina.
Which statement by the client indicates understanding?
A. "I should swallow the tablet with water."
B. "I can take unlimited tablets until pain subsides."
C. "I should call emergency services if pain persists after the first dose."
D. "I should store the medication in the bathroom."
Explanation: Persistent chest pain after one dose may indicate myocardial infarction and
requires emergency medical attention.
7. Which medication is contraindicated during pregnancy because of its teratogenic effects?
A. Insulin
Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers and
Explanations for 2025/2026 Nursing Exams
1. A nurse is caring for a client with myasthenia gravis who is experiencing increasing
muscle weakness and difficulty swallowing. Which medication should the nurse
anticipate administering?
A. Atropine
B. Prednisone
C. Pyridostigmine
D. Dantrolene
Explanation: Pyridostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that improves neuromuscular
transmission and is the first-line treatment for myasthenia gravis.
2. A client receiving warfarin therapy has an INR of 5.8 and no evidence of bleeding.
Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering?
A. Protamine sulfate
B. Phytonadione
C. Alteplase
D. Heparin
Explanation: Phytonadione (vitamin K) reverses the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and is
indicated when INR values are excessively elevated.
3. Which laboratory value should a nurse monitor most closely in a client receiving
gentamicin?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Platelet count
C. White blood cell count
D. Serum creatinine
, Explanation: Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin are nephrotoxic; therefore, renal function
must be closely monitored.
4. A client taking digoxin reports nausea and visual disturbances. Which action should the
nurse take first?
A. Administer an antiemetic
B. Increase fluid intake
C. Obtain the client's apical pulse and withhold the medication
D. Administer potassium supplements immediately
Explanation: Nausea and visual disturbances are signs of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should
assess the apical pulse and withhold the medication if indicated.
5. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for in a client receiving furosemide?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypokalemia
Explanation: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion and commonly cause hypokalemia.
6. A nurse is teaching a client who is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for angina.
Which statement by the client indicates understanding?
A. "I should swallow the tablet with water."
B. "I can take unlimited tablets until pain subsides."
C. "I should call emergency services if pain persists after the first dose."
D. "I should store the medication in the bathroom."
Explanation: Persistent chest pain after one dose may indicate myocardial infarction and
requires emergency medical attention.
7. Which medication is contraindicated during pregnancy because of its teratogenic effects?
A. Insulin
