NUR 2101 Nutrition Exam | Questions and Answers
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Terms in this set (69)
Principles of Nutrition *Carbohydrates
*Proteins
*Fats
*Vitamins
*Minerals
*Water
*The body requires food to provide energy for
movement, maintenance of body temperature,
growth and development, cellular metabolism,
synthesis and repair of tissues, and organ function.
*A nutrient is a chemical substance that provides
nourishment and affects metabolic and nutritive
processes. The essential nutrients include
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
and water. Only carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
provide energy. Vitamins and minerals are catalysts
for the use of nutrients for energy. Minerals and
water regulate body processes.
,Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
They are starches and sugars obtained mainly from
plant foods, with the exception of lactose, which is
found in milk (milk sugar). Carbohydrates are a
source of energy, providing 4 kilocalories per gram
(kcal/g). Another type of carbohydrate is fiber.
Fiber is the structural part of plants and is
sometimes called nonstarch polysaccharides.
Human digestive enzymes cannot break down
fiber. Therefore it does not contribute calorically to
the diet. Fiber is either soluble or insoluble. Soluble
fiber becomes a gel in water and delays GI transit
time; because of this, soluble fiber helps prevent
diarrhea in tube-fed patients. Insoluble fiber does
not change in water and accelerates intestinal
transit; this is helpful in preventing constipation in
patients taking pain medication.
Proteins are a source of energy, providing 4 kcal/g. Amino
acids are the building blocks of proteins and are
made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen.
They are the most important components of
proteins in the human body and are essential for
synthesis of body tissue in growth, maintenance,
and repair. The body is unable to synthesize some
amino acids such as essential amino acids. It can
only obtain these from daily food sources. When
there is insufficient carbohydrate in the diet to
meet the energy needs of the body, protein stores
are used as an energy source.
, Fats (lipids) are compounds that are insoluble in water but
soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and
acetone. Fats are made up of triglycerides and
fatty acids. Lipids are a source of energy, providing
9 kcal/g. Triglycerides are made up of 3 fatty acids
attached to a glycerol. Triglycerides contribute to
high blood levels of certain lipoproteins linked to
cardiovascular diseases. A saturated fatty acid
contains as much hydrogen as it is able to hold. A
monounsaturated fatty acid is able to take up
another hydrogen atom, and a polyunsaturated
fatty acid is able to take up many more hydrogen
atoms and become hydrogenated or saturated fat.
Ingestion of saturated fatty acids appears to
increase blood cholesterol levels. Ingestion of
unsaturated fatty acids has a minimal effect on
blood cholesterol. Monounsaturated fatty acids
appear to lower blood cholesterol levels. There are
also essential fatty acids (EFAs). Essential fatty acids
have many roles in the body, including the
production of cell membranes and hormones. The
metabolism of EFAs has effects on the regulation
of blood pressure, blood clot formation, and
immune response.
| Verified Solutions | 2026 Edition | Pass
Guaranteed
Save
Terms in this set (69)
Principles of Nutrition *Carbohydrates
*Proteins
*Fats
*Vitamins
*Minerals
*Water
*The body requires food to provide energy for
movement, maintenance of body temperature,
growth and development, cellular metabolism,
synthesis and repair of tissues, and organ function.
*A nutrient is a chemical substance that provides
nourishment and affects metabolic and nutritive
processes. The essential nutrients include
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
and water. Only carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
provide energy. Vitamins and minerals are catalysts
for the use of nutrients for energy. Minerals and
water regulate body processes.
,Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
They are starches and sugars obtained mainly from
plant foods, with the exception of lactose, which is
found in milk (milk sugar). Carbohydrates are a
source of energy, providing 4 kilocalories per gram
(kcal/g). Another type of carbohydrate is fiber.
Fiber is the structural part of plants and is
sometimes called nonstarch polysaccharides.
Human digestive enzymes cannot break down
fiber. Therefore it does not contribute calorically to
the diet. Fiber is either soluble or insoluble. Soluble
fiber becomes a gel in water and delays GI transit
time; because of this, soluble fiber helps prevent
diarrhea in tube-fed patients. Insoluble fiber does
not change in water and accelerates intestinal
transit; this is helpful in preventing constipation in
patients taking pain medication.
Proteins are a source of energy, providing 4 kcal/g. Amino
acids are the building blocks of proteins and are
made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen.
They are the most important components of
proteins in the human body and are essential for
synthesis of body tissue in growth, maintenance,
and repair. The body is unable to synthesize some
amino acids such as essential amino acids. It can
only obtain these from daily food sources. When
there is insufficient carbohydrate in the diet to
meet the energy needs of the body, protein stores
are used as an energy source.
, Fats (lipids) are compounds that are insoluble in water but
soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and
acetone. Fats are made up of triglycerides and
fatty acids. Lipids are a source of energy, providing
9 kcal/g. Triglycerides are made up of 3 fatty acids
attached to a glycerol. Triglycerides contribute to
high blood levels of certain lipoproteins linked to
cardiovascular diseases. A saturated fatty acid
contains as much hydrogen as it is able to hold. A
monounsaturated fatty acid is able to take up
another hydrogen atom, and a polyunsaturated
fatty acid is able to take up many more hydrogen
atoms and become hydrogenated or saturated fat.
Ingestion of saturated fatty acids appears to
increase blood cholesterol levels. Ingestion of
unsaturated fatty acids has a minimal effect on
blood cholesterol. Monounsaturated fatty acids
appear to lower blood cholesterol levels. There are
also essential fatty acids (EFAs). Essential fatty acids
have many roles in the body, including the
production of cell membranes and hormones. The
metabolism of EFAs has effects on the regulation
of blood pressure, blood clot formation, and
immune response.
