Nr 462 Exam 3 Exam Questions Well Answered Latest Update 2026

NR 462 EXAM 3 EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026 Peripheral Aterial Disease Risk Factors - Answers Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes Vital signs in PAD - Answers decreased or absent pulses, cold, pallor increased, rubor decreased, increased pain Symptoms of PAD - Answers Dry skin, dry/necrotic ulcers, numbness/tingling, pain "intermittent claudication" Do you want to elevate the legs of a person with PAD? - Answers No. They are having a problem pushing the blood away from the heart. Elevation will further complicate this problem. Peripheral Venous Disease Risk Factors - Answers Occupation (standing for long time), hypertension, obesity, pregnancy Vital signs in PVD - Answers Pulses raise, warm, edema Symptoms of PVD - Answers moist ulcers located on the malleolar Do you want to elevate the legs of someone with PVD? - Answers Yes, this intervention will help return blood to the heart. Also Ted Hose will help. What are both PVD and PAD at risk for? - Answers Because of numb/edema/ulcers they are both at risk for impaired skin integrity... so you need to assess the feet and constantly wear shoes. Venous Thromboembolism - Answers Pulmonary Embolism, Deep Vein Thrombosis DVT - Answers Unilateral pulse change, redness/erythema, warmth VTE Risk Factors - Answers Decreased mobility, decreased circulation, Birth Control Pills Prevention of DVTs - Answers blood thinners, Ted hose/SCD's, mobile If the prevention does not work and treatment of a DVT is required, what is contraindicated? - Answers Do not massage, do not mobilize, do not wear Ted/SCD's Petechiae - Answers Small leaks in the capillaries, causing bleeding under the skin. Occur with PE over hours or days. PE Clinical Manifestations - Answers Dyspnea, Chest pain & hemoptysis Restlessness/Anxious Air Hunger Change in LOC Cough Tachypnea Tachycardia Hypotension Decreasing Pulse Ox Crackles Cyanosis Petechiae Murmur - S3&4 Causes of PE (other than a dislodged DVT) - Answers Surgery Bed rest- Immobility Tobacco use Heart failure/ Atrial Fibrillation Lower extremity fracture Contraception/ estrogen therapy: causes clotting Pregnancy Hypercoagulability Normal INR clotting times & What do you want the INR clotting time to be for a PE? - Answers 1.5 - 2 2 - 3 * because we want them to take longer to clot In the heart rhythm, what sound is the loudest? - Answers The Lub is always louder than the Dub Where are the heart sounds best heard? - Answers Apex When should you take an apical pulse over radial? - Answers When the patient is on heart controlling medications Opioids antidote - Answers Narcan Blood thinners antidote - Answers Vitamin K A nurse on the medical-surgical unit just received report on her client care assignment. Which client should she assess first? A) The client with anorexia, weight loss, and night sweats. B) The client with crackles and fever who is complaining of pleuritic pain. C) The client who had difficulty sleeping, daytime fatigue, and morning headache. D) The client with unilateral leg swelling who's complaining of anxiety and shortness of breath. - Answers D A patient with thrombophlebitis reached her expected outcomes of care. Her affected leg appears pink and warm. Her pedal pulse is palpable and there is no edema present. Which step in the nursing process is described above? A) Planning B) Implementation C) Assessment D) Evaluation - Answers D A female client is suspected of having a pulmonary embolus. A nurse assesses the client, knowing that which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism? a. Dyspnea b. Bradypnea (tachy) c. Bradycardia (tachy) d. Decreased respiratory effort (increased) - Answers A The nurse puts elastic stockings on a client following major abdominal surgery. The nurse teaches the client that the stocking are used for: A. Prevent varicose veins B. Prevent muscular atrophy C Facilitate the return of venous blood to the heart D. Ensure joint mobility & prevent contractures - Answers C A patient with peripheral vascular disease has marked peripheral neuropathy. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for the patient is: A. Risk for injury related to decreased sensation. B. Impaired skin integrity related to decreased peripheral circulation. C. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to decreased arterial blood flow. D. Activity intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. - Answers A When teaching a patient with peripheral arterial disease, the nurse determines that further teaching is needed when the patient says, A. "I should not use heating pads to warm my feet." B. "I will examine my feet every day for any sores or red areas." C. "I should cut back on my walks if they cause pain in my legs." D. "I think I can quit smoking with the use of short-term nicotine replacement and support groups." - Answers C Following an aortic aneurysm repair, the patient suddenly develops severe pain in the right lower extremity. The right pedal pulse is decreased, and the right foot is cool and pale. The nurse suspects A. hypothermia. B. a wound infection. C. bleeding from the graft site. D. an embolization or graft occlusion. - Answers D Fasting level of glucose is ... - Answers 70 to 120 mg/dL the role of insulin is ... - Answers increase uptake of glucose What test can you do to measure the glycosolated hemoglobin level? - Answers Hemoglobin A1C What is the % of a diabetic's A1C * know for test * - Answers Typically greater than or equal to 6.5% (goal is less than this) What does the Hemoglobin A1C test measure - Answers Shows the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin molecules over RBC life span : Approximately 120 days Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately what percentage of all cases of diabetes in adults? a. 55%-60% b. 35%-40% c. 90-95% - Answers C Diabetes Mellitus diagnostic studies - Answers Test for: - Urine: ketones, glucose, albumin? - Is their A1C 6.5? - Is their fasting plasma glucose level 126 mg/dL? - Random or casual plasma glucose measurement ≥200 mg/dL plus symptoms? - Are they showing classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (the three P's) the three P's - Answers Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus symptoms - Answers Fatigue Recurrent infection Recurrent vaginal yeast or monilia infection Prolonged wound healing Visual changes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus symptoms - Answers Polyuria (frequent urination) Polydipsia (excessive thirst) Polyphagia (excessive hunger) Weight loss Fatigue/Weakness Blurred Vision Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology - Answers 1. Insulin resistance 2. Pancreas ↓ ability to produce insulin 3. Inappropriate glucose production from liver 4. Alteration in production of hormones and adipokines Blood glucose high but not high enough to be diagnosed as having diabetes - Answers Prediabetes: Individuals already at risk for diabetes Blood sugar is well controlled when Hemoglobin A1C is: a. Below 7% b. Between 12%-15% c. Less than 180 mg/dL d. Between 90 and 130 mg/dL - Answers A Types of diabetes - Answers Gestational Prediabetes Secondary diabetes Type 1 Type 2 Occurrence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Answers Most often occurs in people younger than 40 years of age Occurs more frequently in younger children Secondary Diabetes - Answers Resulting from other medical condition such as : Cushing syndrome, Hyperthyroidism, Pancreatitis Which came first, the hypertension or the diabetes? - Answers *Typically* diabetes proceeds hypertension, because the glucose in the blood stream is not being absorbed and leads to clogging. Different types of insulin that may be used for combination therapy - Answers Rapid-acting Short-acting Intermediate-acting Long-acting What do most patients take at home for corrective blood sugar? - Answers Rapid acting What is the onset, peak and duration of action for Rapid Acting insulin? *know for final* - Answers onset: 10-30minutes peak: 30minutes - 3hours duration: 3-5hours