NSG 3850 – Exam 4 | Newest 2026 Edition | Actual Exam Questions, Verified
Correct Answers & Detailed Rationales | Comprehensive Pathophysiology II
Success Study Guide | Updated Review Pack | Instant PDF Download
QUESTION 1
The nurse is caring for a client with suspected hepatitis and notes that serologic testing has been
prescribed. The nurse understands that serologic testing is primarily used for which purpose in hepatitis
management?
A. To determine the specific type of hepatitis infection
B. To measure liver enzyme levels
C. To assess the client's nutritional status
D. To evaluate the client's immune response to vaccination
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Serologic testing is needed to determine the types of hepatitis by detecting specific
antibodies and antigens. This helps differentiate between hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E infections,
guiding appropriate treatment and prevention strategies for each type.
QUESTION 2
A client asks the nurse which types of hepatitis are preventable by vaccination. The nurse correctly
responds that vaccines are available for which types?
A. Hepatitis A and B
B. Hepatitis C and D
C. Hepatitis A and C
D. Hepatitis B and E
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Hepatitis A and B are both preventable by vaccination. Hepatitis A vaccine is
recommended for travelers and highrisk individuals, while hepatitis B vaccine is part of the
routine childhood immunization schedule and recommended for all adults at risk for infection.
QUESTION 3
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about hepatitis viruses. Which statement correctly
describes the role of DNA and RNA in hepatitis infections?
A. Both DNA and RNA viruses can affect the liver and cause hepatitis
,B. Only DNA viruses can cause hepatitis infections
C. Only RNA viruses can cause hepatitis infections
D. Neither DNA nor RNA viruses are associated with hepatitis
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Both DNA and RNA viruses can affect the liver and cause hepatitis. Hepatitis B is a DNA
virus, while hepatitis A, C, D, and E are RNA viruses. Understanding the viral type is important for
treatment and prevention strategies.
QUESTION 4
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client and notes a positive antiHCV test. The nurse
correctly interprets this finding as indicating which condition?
A. The client has active hepatitis C infection
B. The client has antibodies to hepatitis C
C. The client is immune to hepatitis C
D. The client has chronic hepatitis C
➢ Correct Answer: B
➢ Rationale: A positive antiHCV test indicates the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C, which means
the client has been exposed to the virus. Additional testing is needed to determine if the infection
is active, chronic, or resolved.
QUESTION 5
The nurse is assessing a client with portal hypertension and understands that this condition increases the
client's risk for which complication?
A. Hepatic encephalopathy
B. Ascites
C. Esophageal varices
D. All of the above
➢ Correct Answer: D
➢ Rationale: Portal hypertension increases the risk for ascites, esophageal varices, and hepatic
encephalopathy. Increased pressure in the portal venous system leads to fluid accumulation in
the abdominal cavity (ascites) and the development of collateral vessels (varices) that can
rupture and cause lifethreatening bleeding.
,QUESTION 6
The nurse is providing education to a client about risk factors for gallstones. Which clients would the
nurse identify as being at increased risk for developing cholelithiasis?
A. Clients with high spinal cord injuries
B. Clients experiencing rapid weight loss or fasting
C. Clients who are obese
D. Clients who are pregnant
E. All of the above
➢ Correct Answer: E
➢ Rationale: People at risk for gallstones include those with high spinal cord injuries, individuals
experiencing rapid weight loss or fasting, obese clients, and pregnant women. These conditions
alter bile composition or gallbladder motility, increasing the likelihood of stone formation.
QUESTION 7
A client presents with heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, goiter, irritability, and diarrhea. The
nurse recognizes these clinical manifestations as characteristic of which condition?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Cushing's disease
D. Addison's disease
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Hyperthyroidism clinical manifestations include heat intolerance, weight loss,
tachycardia, goiter, irritability, and diarrhea. These symptoms result from excessive thyroid
hormone production, which increases metabolism and sympathetic nervous system activity.
QUESTION 8
The nurse is assessing a client with fatigue, muscle cramps, anxiety, depression, goiter, slow speech,
constipation, weight gain, bradycardia, and cold intolerance. Which condition is most consistent with these
findings?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Graves' disease
, D. Thyroid storm
➢ Correct Answer: B
➢ Rationale: Hypothyroidism clinical manifestations include fatigue, muscle cramps, anxiety,
depression, goiter, slow speech, constipation, weight gain, bradycardia, and cold intolerance.
These symptoms result from decreased thyroid hormone production, which slows metabolism
and bodily functions.
QUESTION 9
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with suspected Cushing's disease. Which laboratory
findings would the nurse expect to note?
A. Hypoglycemia and elevated cortisol
B. Hyperglycemia, elevated cortisol, and hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia and elevated cortisol
D. Hypoglycemia and hyperkalemia
➢ Correct Answer: B
➢ Rationale: Cushing's disease laboratory findings include hyperglycemia, elevated cortisol, and
hypokalemia. Excessive cortisol production leads to increased glucose levels, sodium retention
with potassium loss, and characteristic clinical manifestations including weight gain,
hypertension, and moon facies.
QUESTION 10
The nurse is performing a Mantoux skin test for tuberculosis screening. The nurse understands that this
test is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
B. Type II hypersensitivity reaction
C. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
D. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
➢ Correct Answer: D
➢ Rationale: The Mantoux skin test is an example of a Type IV (4) hypersensitivity reaction, which is
a delayedtype cellmediated response. The reaction typically develops 4872 hours after antigen
exposure and involves T lymphocytes and macrophages rather than antibodies.
Correct Answers & Detailed Rationales | Comprehensive Pathophysiology II
Success Study Guide | Updated Review Pack | Instant PDF Download
QUESTION 1
The nurse is caring for a client with suspected hepatitis and notes that serologic testing has been
prescribed. The nurse understands that serologic testing is primarily used for which purpose in hepatitis
management?
A. To determine the specific type of hepatitis infection
B. To measure liver enzyme levels
C. To assess the client's nutritional status
D. To evaluate the client's immune response to vaccination
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Serologic testing is needed to determine the types of hepatitis by detecting specific
antibodies and antigens. This helps differentiate between hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E infections,
guiding appropriate treatment and prevention strategies for each type.
QUESTION 2
A client asks the nurse which types of hepatitis are preventable by vaccination. The nurse correctly
responds that vaccines are available for which types?
A. Hepatitis A and B
B. Hepatitis C and D
C. Hepatitis A and C
D. Hepatitis B and E
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Hepatitis A and B are both preventable by vaccination. Hepatitis A vaccine is
recommended for travelers and highrisk individuals, while hepatitis B vaccine is part of the
routine childhood immunization schedule and recommended for all adults at risk for infection.
QUESTION 3
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about hepatitis viruses. Which statement correctly
describes the role of DNA and RNA in hepatitis infections?
A. Both DNA and RNA viruses can affect the liver and cause hepatitis
,B. Only DNA viruses can cause hepatitis infections
C. Only RNA viruses can cause hepatitis infections
D. Neither DNA nor RNA viruses are associated with hepatitis
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Both DNA and RNA viruses can affect the liver and cause hepatitis. Hepatitis B is a DNA
virus, while hepatitis A, C, D, and E are RNA viruses. Understanding the viral type is important for
treatment and prevention strategies.
QUESTION 4
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client and notes a positive antiHCV test. The nurse
correctly interprets this finding as indicating which condition?
A. The client has active hepatitis C infection
B. The client has antibodies to hepatitis C
C. The client is immune to hepatitis C
D. The client has chronic hepatitis C
➢ Correct Answer: B
➢ Rationale: A positive antiHCV test indicates the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C, which means
the client has been exposed to the virus. Additional testing is needed to determine if the infection
is active, chronic, or resolved.
QUESTION 5
The nurse is assessing a client with portal hypertension and understands that this condition increases the
client's risk for which complication?
A. Hepatic encephalopathy
B. Ascites
C. Esophageal varices
D. All of the above
➢ Correct Answer: D
➢ Rationale: Portal hypertension increases the risk for ascites, esophageal varices, and hepatic
encephalopathy. Increased pressure in the portal venous system leads to fluid accumulation in
the abdominal cavity (ascites) and the development of collateral vessels (varices) that can
rupture and cause lifethreatening bleeding.
,QUESTION 6
The nurse is providing education to a client about risk factors for gallstones. Which clients would the
nurse identify as being at increased risk for developing cholelithiasis?
A. Clients with high spinal cord injuries
B. Clients experiencing rapid weight loss or fasting
C. Clients who are obese
D. Clients who are pregnant
E. All of the above
➢ Correct Answer: E
➢ Rationale: People at risk for gallstones include those with high spinal cord injuries, individuals
experiencing rapid weight loss or fasting, obese clients, and pregnant women. These conditions
alter bile composition or gallbladder motility, increasing the likelihood of stone formation.
QUESTION 7
A client presents with heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, goiter, irritability, and diarrhea. The
nurse recognizes these clinical manifestations as characteristic of which condition?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Cushing's disease
D. Addison's disease
➢ Correct Answer: A
➢ Rationale: Hyperthyroidism clinical manifestations include heat intolerance, weight loss,
tachycardia, goiter, irritability, and diarrhea. These symptoms result from excessive thyroid
hormone production, which increases metabolism and sympathetic nervous system activity.
QUESTION 8
The nurse is assessing a client with fatigue, muscle cramps, anxiety, depression, goiter, slow speech,
constipation, weight gain, bradycardia, and cold intolerance. Which condition is most consistent with these
findings?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Graves' disease
, D. Thyroid storm
➢ Correct Answer: B
➢ Rationale: Hypothyroidism clinical manifestations include fatigue, muscle cramps, anxiety,
depression, goiter, slow speech, constipation, weight gain, bradycardia, and cold intolerance.
These symptoms result from decreased thyroid hormone production, which slows metabolism
and bodily functions.
QUESTION 9
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with suspected Cushing's disease. Which laboratory
findings would the nurse expect to note?
A. Hypoglycemia and elevated cortisol
B. Hyperglycemia, elevated cortisol, and hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia and elevated cortisol
D. Hypoglycemia and hyperkalemia
➢ Correct Answer: B
➢ Rationale: Cushing's disease laboratory findings include hyperglycemia, elevated cortisol, and
hypokalemia. Excessive cortisol production leads to increased glucose levels, sodium retention
with potassium loss, and characteristic clinical manifestations including weight gain,
hypertension, and moon facies.
QUESTION 10
The nurse is performing a Mantoux skin test for tuberculosis screening. The nurse understands that this
test is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I hypersensitivity reaction
B. Type II hypersensitivity reaction
C. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
D. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
➢ Correct Answer: D
➢ Rationale: The Mantoux skin test is an example of a Type IV (4) hypersensitivity reaction, which is
a delayedtype cellmediated response. The reaction typically develops 4872 hours after antigen
exposure and involves T lymphocytes and macrophages rather than antibodies.
