MICROBIOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS A CLINICAL
APPROACH 2026 STUDY GUIDE REVISION
SHEET CORE CONCEPT BREAKDOWN
◉ These pathogenesis and virulence factors are for which bacteria
with Impetigo? -Possesses a huge arsenal of enzymes and toxins
-Rarely, impetigo caused by _________ can be followed by acute
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
-Strains that cause impetigo never cause rheumatic fever.
-____________ is more often the cause of impetigo in newborns; S.
aureus is more often the cause of impetigo in older children; Both
can cause infection in either age group.
Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes
◉ Topical Mupirocin or retaamulin, oral dicloxacillin, cephalexn, or
TMP-SMZ is used for treatment
Answer: Impetigo-Staphylococcus auerus
◉ Topical mupirocin or retapamlin is used for treatment of which
disease and baceteria strain?
Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes
,◉ This disease is caused by fast-spreading infection in the dermis in
the subcutenous tissues
Answer: Cellulitis
◉ These are symptoms of what disease? -Fever and swelling of the
lymph nodes in the area may also occur.
-Lymphangitis: red lines leading away from the area are visible, the
result of microbes and inflammatory products being carried by the
lymphatic system
-Bacteremia could develop, but uncomplicated cellulitis has a good
prognosis.
Answer: Celluilitis
◉ What are the 2 causative agent with cellulitis in health
individuals?
Answer: Staphlococcus auerus or Streptococcus pyogenes
◉ What is the 2 causative agents of cellulitis in
immunocompromised individuals?
Answer: Any bacterim and fungi
◉ What is the causative agent of cellulitis in infants?
Answer: Group B Streptococci
, ◉ What infection is transmitted by Trauma or Subtle means; no
obvious break in the skin
Answer: Cellulitis
◉ What infection is diagnosed through clinical signs and symptoms?
It has to do with the skin
Answer: Cellulitis
◉ This type of cellulitis responds well to oral antibiotcs effective
against S. auereus and S. pyogenes
Answer: mild cellulitis
◉ What is cellulitis caused by Staph. aureus virulence factors?
Answer: Exfolitative toxin A, Coagulase, other enzy,es
◉ What is cellulitis caused by strept. pyogenes virulence factors?
Answer: Streptkokinase, plasminogen-binding ability, hyaluronidase,
M Protein
◉ This cellulitis infection has a high incidence among males 45-64
Answer: Staph. aureus
APPROACH 2026 STUDY GUIDE REVISION
SHEET CORE CONCEPT BREAKDOWN
◉ These pathogenesis and virulence factors are for which bacteria
with Impetigo? -Possesses a huge arsenal of enzymes and toxins
-Rarely, impetigo caused by _________ can be followed by acute
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
-Strains that cause impetigo never cause rheumatic fever.
-____________ is more often the cause of impetigo in newborns; S.
aureus is more often the cause of impetigo in older children; Both
can cause infection in either age group.
Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes
◉ Topical Mupirocin or retaamulin, oral dicloxacillin, cephalexn, or
TMP-SMZ is used for treatment
Answer: Impetigo-Staphylococcus auerus
◉ Topical mupirocin or retapamlin is used for treatment of which
disease and baceteria strain?
Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes
,◉ This disease is caused by fast-spreading infection in the dermis in
the subcutenous tissues
Answer: Cellulitis
◉ These are symptoms of what disease? -Fever and swelling of the
lymph nodes in the area may also occur.
-Lymphangitis: red lines leading away from the area are visible, the
result of microbes and inflammatory products being carried by the
lymphatic system
-Bacteremia could develop, but uncomplicated cellulitis has a good
prognosis.
Answer: Celluilitis
◉ What are the 2 causative agent with cellulitis in health
individuals?
Answer: Staphlococcus auerus or Streptococcus pyogenes
◉ What is the 2 causative agents of cellulitis in
immunocompromised individuals?
Answer: Any bacterim and fungi
◉ What is the causative agent of cellulitis in infants?
Answer: Group B Streptococci
, ◉ What infection is transmitted by Trauma or Subtle means; no
obvious break in the skin
Answer: Cellulitis
◉ What infection is diagnosed through clinical signs and symptoms?
It has to do with the skin
Answer: Cellulitis
◉ This type of cellulitis responds well to oral antibiotcs effective
against S. auereus and S. pyogenes
Answer: mild cellulitis
◉ What is cellulitis caused by Staph. aureus virulence factors?
Answer: Exfolitative toxin A, Coagulase, other enzy,es
◉ What is cellulitis caused by strept. pyogenes virulence factors?
Answer: Streptkokinase, plasminogen-binding ability, hyaluronidase,
M Protein
◉ This cellulitis infection has a high incidence among males 45-64
Answer: Staph. aureus
