CDDN-Exam 1-Developmental
Disabilities Latest Exam with Solved
Solutions Graded to Pass 2026-2027
Updated.
What is a developmental disability? - Answer -A severe, chronic disability of a person that is
attributable to a mental or physical impairment of a combination of the two; is manifested
before the person is 22, is likely to continue indefinitely
What are substantial functional limits the can be caused by a developmental disorder?
How many needed to be substantially functionally limiting for it to be classified as a
developmental disorder?
What is the exception to the "3 or more" rule? - Answer -Limits in self care, receptive and
expressive language, learning, mobility, self-direction, capacity for independent living, and
economic self-sufficiency
-3 or more
-People from birth to 9 with a substantial developmental delay or specific congenital/acquired
condition who has a high likelihood of meeting the criteria later in life.
What does a developmental disorder reflect? - Answer -Person's need for a combination and
sequence of special, interdisciplinary or generic care, treatment or other services that are
chronic or of extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated
How do we know if a child has a developmental disorder? - Answer -Compare child's abilities
to those expected for their same age peers
Why should we use person-first language (PFL)?
What is the caveat?
What should you do about this caveat? - Answer -More accurate and respectful because
individuals are not diagnoses
-Words reflect/reinforce attitudes and perceptions
-Descriptive words can perpetuate negative stereotypes
-These perceptions are barriers to the success, inclusion, and acceptance of individuals with
disabilities
,-The caveat is some people want to be called something that doesn't use PFL. Individuals in the
autistic community sometimes like "autistic" because it is "an inherent part of their identity"
-Ask each person what they prefer
How did Greek empires view disabilities? - Answer -Sparta: valued physical strength and
intellectual ability; infanticide
-Athens: unwanted newborns placed at temples or sold as slaves
What did King Henry II of England in the Middle Ages think of developmental disabilities? -
Answer -Declared "imbeciles" wards of the King
Why were individuals with developmental disabilities imprisoned? - Answer
-Superstition/witchcraft
-Thought to be dangerous to society
Who was the Father of Special Education? - Answer -Itard
-Declared individuals with intellectual disabilities can learn
When did state asylums arise? What kind of activities did patients do here? - Answer -1825-
1850. Thought that with appropriate therapy, they could be "cured"
-Newspaper, furniture making, quilting, sewing, plays, pottery, jewelry, leather crafts, religious
training, exercise and recreation, farming
What happened to asylums in the late 19th century? - Answer -Overcrowding of institutions
results from failure to "cure"
-State funding of asylums began to decline
What is the study of human beings in relation to genetic inheritance?
What is how the environment affects humans? - Answer -Eugenics
-Euthenics
Describe Goddard's Study of Kallikak Family
What concerned Goddard? - Answer -"Feeble-mindedness is hereditary-segregation through
colonization is the way to eliminate social ills"
-Found that 70% of mental deficiency due to inheritance
,-Criminal implications concerned him, which made him a proponent of sterilization
When was the first sterilization law enacted?
When were compulsory/voluntary sterilization laws enacted in 28 states, causing 26,858
operations?
When was sterilization abolished? - Answer -1907
-1951
-1979
What happened in the Kennedy Era for individuals with developmental disabilities? - Answer
-Educational rights
-Integrated educational placements
-Deinstitutionalization
-Comprehensive community-based program
What was the landmark class action lawsuit in Alabama that established the right to treatment
of individuals living in residential facilities, including deinstitutionalization? - Answer -Wyatt-
Stickney (1970s)
What are the standards of Wyatt-Stickney? (4) - Answer -Human psychological and physical
environment
-Qualified and sufficient stat for administration of treatment
-Individualized treatment plans
-Minimum restriction of patient freedom
What did the Education for the Handicapped Act (EHA)/Individuals with Disabalities Education
Act (IDEA) of 1975 guarantee?
What happened when it was amended in 1986? - Answer -Guaranteed the appropriate
education of all children with mental retardation, from school age to 21 years of age.
-Guaranteed education services to children with disabilities ages 3 to 21
What are the 6 principles of the IDEA? - Answer -Free appropriate education
-Appropriate evaluation
-Individualized education program (IEP)
-Least-restrictive environment (LRE)
-Parent and student participant in decision-making
-Procedural safeguards
, What are neurological differences that are the result of normal, natural human variations? -
Answer -Neurodiversity
How is neurodiversity thought of in the ecological model?
Does it think there is a correct way of thinking or experience the world?
Are the differences a deficit? - Answer -Thought to be a crucial aspect of human diversity that
refers to the natural variations in cognitive/emotional functions of the brain which evolved in
response to a need for variation in group approaches to survival
-No
-No
How many people with autism have savant skills? - Answer -1/10
What model of disability sees disability as resulting from a poor fit between the (physical,
cognitive, or emotional) characteristics of a given individual and the characteristics of their
social context?
Why does this view think a person is disabled? - Answer -Social model of disability
-Thinks they are disabled not by their impairment, but by the failure of their environment to
accomodate their needs
How does the medical model view disability? - Answer -Assumes that disability is inherent to
individual and must be fixed
Functional limitations/impairments + Physical/Social barriers = ? - Answer -Disabling
environments
-Social model of disability: Inability to participate fully in home and community life, not inherent
to the individual
How do the disorder and neurodiversity paradigm contrast each other? - Answer -Disorder:
Wants to "fix" what is wrong with the person. Intervention in deficit
-Neurodiversity: Intervene in the context, don't fix the person
What is expecting to be treated differently because of stigma? - Answer -Stigma
consciousness
-Poor beliefs about self due to stigmatization
What can stigma consciousness lead to? - Answer -Poorer academic performance
Disabilities Latest Exam with Solved
Solutions Graded to Pass 2026-2027
Updated.
What is a developmental disability? - Answer -A severe, chronic disability of a person that is
attributable to a mental or physical impairment of a combination of the two; is manifested
before the person is 22, is likely to continue indefinitely
What are substantial functional limits the can be caused by a developmental disorder?
How many needed to be substantially functionally limiting for it to be classified as a
developmental disorder?
What is the exception to the "3 or more" rule? - Answer -Limits in self care, receptive and
expressive language, learning, mobility, self-direction, capacity for independent living, and
economic self-sufficiency
-3 or more
-People from birth to 9 with a substantial developmental delay or specific congenital/acquired
condition who has a high likelihood of meeting the criteria later in life.
What does a developmental disorder reflect? - Answer -Person's need for a combination and
sequence of special, interdisciplinary or generic care, treatment or other services that are
chronic or of extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated
How do we know if a child has a developmental disorder? - Answer -Compare child's abilities
to those expected for their same age peers
Why should we use person-first language (PFL)?
What is the caveat?
What should you do about this caveat? - Answer -More accurate and respectful because
individuals are not diagnoses
-Words reflect/reinforce attitudes and perceptions
-Descriptive words can perpetuate negative stereotypes
-These perceptions are barriers to the success, inclusion, and acceptance of individuals with
disabilities
,-The caveat is some people want to be called something that doesn't use PFL. Individuals in the
autistic community sometimes like "autistic" because it is "an inherent part of their identity"
-Ask each person what they prefer
How did Greek empires view disabilities? - Answer -Sparta: valued physical strength and
intellectual ability; infanticide
-Athens: unwanted newborns placed at temples or sold as slaves
What did King Henry II of England in the Middle Ages think of developmental disabilities? -
Answer -Declared "imbeciles" wards of the King
Why were individuals with developmental disabilities imprisoned? - Answer
-Superstition/witchcraft
-Thought to be dangerous to society
Who was the Father of Special Education? - Answer -Itard
-Declared individuals with intellectual disabilities can learn
When did state asylums arise? What kind of activities did patients do here? - Answer -1825-
1850. Thought that with appropriate therapy, they could be "cured"
-Newspaper, furniture making, quilting, sewing, plays, pottery, jewelry, leather crafts, religious
training, exercise and recreation, farming
What happened to asylums in the late 19th century? - Answer -Overcrowding of institutions
results from failure to "cure"
-State funding of asylums began to decline
What is the study of human beings in relation to genetic inheritance?
What is how the environment affects humans? - Answer -Eugenics
-Euthenics
Describe Goddard's Study of Kallikak Family
What concerned Goddard? - Answer -"Feeble-mindedness is hereditary-segregation through
colonization is the way to eliminate social ills"
-Found that 70% of mental deficiency due to inheritance
,-Criminal implications concerned him, which made him a proponent of sterilization
When was the first sterilization law enacted?
When were compulsory/voluntary sterilization laws enacted in 28 states, causing 26,858
operations?
When was sterilization abolished? - Answer -1907
-1951
-1979
What happened in the Kennedy Era for individuals with developmental disabilities? - Answer
-Educational rights
-Integrated educational placements
-Deinstitutionalization
-Comprehensive community-based program
What was the landmark class action lawsuit in Alabama that established the right to treatment
of individuals living in residential facilities, including deinstitutionalization? - Answer -Wyatt-
Stickney (1970s)
What are the standards of Wyatt-Stickney? (4) - Answer -Human psychological and physical
environment
-Qualified and sufficient stat for administration of treatment
-Individualized treatment plans
-Minimum restriction of patient freedom
What did the Education for the Handicapped Act (EHA)/Individuals with Disabalities Education
Act (IDEA) of 1975 guarantee?
What happened when it was amended in 1986? - Answer -Guaranteed the appropriate
education of all children with mental retardation, from school age to 21 years of age.
-Guaranteed education services to children with disabilities ages 3 to 21
What are the 6 principles of the IDEA? - Answer -Free appropriate education
-Appropriate evaluation
-Individualized education program (IEP)
-Least-restrictive environment (LRE)
-Parent and student participant in decision-making
-Procedural safeguards
, What are neurological differences that are the result of normal, natural human variations? -
Answer -Neurodiversity
How is neurodiversity thought of in the ecological model?
Does it think there is a correct way of thinking or experience the world?
Are the differences a deficit? - Answer -Thought to be a crucial aspect of human diversity that
refers to the natural variations in cognitive/emotional functions of the brain which evolved in
response to a need for variation in group approaches to survival
-No
-No
How many people with autism have savant skills? - Answer -1/10
What model of disability sees disability as resulting from a poor fit between the (physical,
cognitive, or emotional) characteristics of a given individual and the characteristics of their
social context?
Why does this view think a person is disabled? - Answer -Social model of disability
-Thinks they are disabled not by their impairment, but by the failure of their environment to
accomodate their needs
How does the medical model view disability? - Answer -Assumes that disability is inherent to
individual and must be fixed
Functional limitations/impairments + Physical/Social barriers = ? - Answer -Disabling
environments
-Social model of disability: Inability to participate fully in home and community life, not inherent
to the individual
How do the disorder and neurodiversity paradigm contrast each other? - Answer -Disorder:
Wants to "fix" what is wrong with the person. Intervention in deficit
-Neurodiversity: Intervene in the context, don't fix the person
What is expecting to be treated differently because of stigma? - Answer -Stigma
consciousness
-Poor beliefs about self due to stigmatization
What can stigma consciousness lead to? - Answer -Poorer academic performance
