WGU D236 Pathophysiology Final Exam |Immune Response to
Infection (T Cells, B Cells, Cytokines, Antibodies), Genetic Mutations
and Congenital Abnormalities, Homeostasis Disruptions, Fluid and
Electrolyte Imbalances, RAAS Mechanism (Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System), Acid-Base Balance (Acidosis, Alkalosis, DKA,
Potassium Shifts), Renal Compensation, Infectious Diseases (West
Nile Virus, Lyme Disease, Erythema Infectiosum), Neural Tube
Defects (Spina Bifida), Prenatal Risk Factors (Alcohol Exposure,
FAS), Hemophilia, Autoimmune Disorders (Lupus, Myasthenia
Gravis), Connective vs Muscle Tissue Disorders, Dermatological
Conditions (Dermatitis, Eczema, Pressure Ulcers), Clinical Signs
(Trousseau’s Sign), and Exam Practice Questions Verified and
Provided with Complete A+ Graded Answers Latest Updated 2026
Describe how your body responds to an infection.
T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.
Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?
Alterations of DNA
,Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing.
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA
increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis
retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Potassium
West Nile Virus
, Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever,
headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease
Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum
a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed
cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.
Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign
arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida
results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in
males
Infection (T Cells, B Cells, Cytokines, Antibodies), Genetic Mutations
and Congenital Abnormalities, Homeostasis Disruptions, Fluid and
Electrolyte Imbalances, RAAS Mechanism (Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System), Acid-Base Balance (Acidosis, Alkalosis, DKA,
Potassium Shifts), Renal Compensation, Infectious Diseases (West
Nile Virus, Lyme Disease, Erythema Infectiosum), Neural Tube
Defects (Spina Bifida), Prenatal Risk Factors (Alcohol Exposure,
FAS), Hemophilia, Autoimmune Disorders (Lupus, Myasthenia
Gravis), Connective vs Muscle Tissue Disorders, Dermatological
Conditions (Dermatitis, Eczema, Pressure Ulcers), Clinical Signs
(Trousseau’s Sign), and Exam Practice Questions Verified and
Provided with Complete A+ Graded Answers Latest Updated 2026
Describe how your body responds to an infection.
T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.
Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?
Alterations of DNA
,Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing.
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA
increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis
retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Potassium
West Nile Virus
, Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever,
headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease
Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum
a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed
cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.
Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign
arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida
results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in
males
