Microbiology 311 Final Exam
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ [LATEST 2026-
2027] 100% GUARANTEED PASS
A(n) ____________ pathogen causes disease in an immunocompromised host or after gaining
access to an atypical site: - CORRECT ANSWER-Opportunistic
After a T(H) cell recognizes an antigen presented on class II MHC on a B-cell, which of the
following occurs? - CORRECT ANSWER-Two of these
Which of the following is NOT a method of direct transmission of pathogens? - CORRECT
ANSWER-All of these are direct transmission.
All of the following are commonly used in vaccine production except: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Antibodies
A buffy coat layer is found in ____________ blood: - CORRECT ANSWER-Unclotted
An example of an antiviral protein is: - CORRECT ANSWER-Interferon
Which of the following is NOT a potential reservoir of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER-All are
potential reservoirs.
,Class I MHC molecules are found: - CORRECT ANSWER-On all human cells that have a nucleus.
The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when: - CORRECT ANSWER-Fetal Rh+
cells enter an Rh- mother.
The antibody type that crosses the placenta and protects fetus in utero and infant after birth is:
- CORRECT ANSWER-IgG
Which subset of T(H) cells is primarily involved in activation of macrophages and cellular
immunity via production of IFN-y? - CORRECT ANSWER-T(H)1 cell
The cascade of reactions in innate immunity that results in the formation of pores in bacterial
membranes leading to cell lysis is called: - CORRECT ANSWER-Complement
Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-CTL (CD8+)
People who harbor pathogens and pass them to others but show no signs of illness themselves
are called: - CORRECT ANSWER-Carriers
Innate immunity: - CORRECT ANSWER-Is nonspecific and present at birth.
Monocytes are ___________ leukocytes that develop into _____________: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Agranular; Macrophages
An allergic reaction to poison ivy is what type of hypersensitivity? - CORRECT ANSWER-IV
Which of the following is NOT a major portal of exit of infectious disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-
All of these are portals of exit.
, When an antibody binds to a microbe allowing the enhanced uptake by phagocytosis, this
action is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER-Opsonization
Which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions includes the transfusion reaction
between different blood types? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type II hypersensitivity
Interferons inhibit virus activity by: - CORRECT ANSWER-Activating adjacent cells to upregulate
proteins that block virus replication in that cell.
Which of the following cell types are implicated in Type I hypersensitivity reactions? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Mast cells/basophils
Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER-All are functions
The first line of defense includes: - CORRECT ANSWER-Two of these
Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II? - CORRECT
ANSWER-T(H) cells (CD4+)
Which antibody type is associated with allergic reactions and degranulation of mast cells and
basophils? - CORRECT ANSWER-IgE
Although ___________ can be toxic in high doses, very small amounts of ____________ can be
toxic: - CORRECT ANSWER-Endotoxins; Exotoxins
Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-Macrophage
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ [LATEST 2026-
2027] 100% GUARANTEED PASS
A(n) ____________ pathogen causes disease in an immunocompromised host or after gaining
access to an atypical site: - CORRECT ANSWER-Opportunistic
After a T(H) cell recognizes an antigen presented on class II MHC on a B-cell, which of the
following occurs? - CORRECT ANSWER-Two of these
Which of the following is NOT a method of direct transmission of pathogens? - CORRECT
ANSWER-All of these are direct transmission.
All of the following are commonly used in vaccine production except: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Antibodies
A buffy coat layer is found in ____________ blood: - CORRECT ANSWER-Unclotted
An example of an antiviral protein is: - CORRECT ANSWER-Interferon
Which of the following is NOT a potential reservoir of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER-All are
potential reservoirs.
,Class I MHC molecules are found: - CORRECT ANSWER-On all human cells that have a nucleus.
The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when: - CORRECT ANSWER-Fetal Rh+
cells enter an Rh- mother.
The antibody type that crosses the placenta and protects fetus in utero and infant after birth is:
- CORRECT ANSWER-IgG
Which subset of T(H) cells is primarily involved in activation of macrophages and cellular
immunity via production of IFN-y? - CORRECT ANSWER-T(H)1 cell
The cascade of reactions in innate immunity that results in the formation of pores in bacterial
membranes leading to cell lysis is called: - CORRECT ANSWER-Complement
Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-CTL (CD8+)
People who harbor pathogens and pass them to others but show no signs of illness themselves
are called: - CORRECT ANSWER-Carriers
Innate immunity: - CORRECT ANSWER-Is nonspecific and present at birth.
Monocytes are ___________ leukocytes that develop into _____________: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Agranular; Macrophages
An allergic reaction to poison ivy is what type of hypersensitivity? - CORRECT ANSWER-IV
Which of the following is NOT a major portal of exit of infectious disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-
All of these are portals of exit.
, When an antibody binds to a microbe allowing the enhanced uptake by phagocytosis, this
action is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER-Opsonization
Which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions includes the transfusion reaction
between different blood types? - CORRECT ANSWER-Type II hypersensitivity
Interferons inhibit virus activity by: - CORRECT ANSWER-Activating adjacent cells to upregulate
proteins that block virus replication in that cell.
Which of the following cell types are implicated in Type I hypersensitivity reactions? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Mast cells/basophils
Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER-All are functions
The first line of defense includes: - CORRECT ANSWER-Two of these
Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II? - CORRECT
ANSWER-T(H) cells (CD4+)
Which antibody type is associated with allergic reactions and degranulation of mast cells and
basophils? - CORRECT ANSWER-IgE
Although ___________ can be toxic in high doses, very small amounts of ____________ can be
toxic: - CORRECT ANSWER-Endotoxins; Exotoxins
Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-Macrophage
