ACTUAL D311: Microbiology
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ [LATEST 2026-
2027] 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Why are diseases like Legionnaires' disease considered noncommunicable?
A. Once a person contracts this disease, they can not pass it to another person.
B. This disease can only be passed from person to person through surfaces.
C. Once a person contracts this disease, they can only pass it to immunocompromised people.
D. This disease can only be passed from animals to people. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. . Once a
person contracts this disease, they can not pass it to another person.
Which target would appropriately treat a fungal skin infection?
A. Ergosterol synthesis
B. Peptidoglycan synthesis
C. Folic acid synthesis
D. Reverse transcriptase synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Ergosterol synthesis
Why is there a resurgence in whooping cough and measles in the United States?
A. Less effective vaccinations in children
B. More opposition to childhood vaccination
C. More vectors for disease spread among children
D. Less vaccination availability to children - CORRECT ANSWER-B. More opposition to childhood
vaccination
,Which organism type does a conjugate vaccine target?
A. Anaerobe
B. Capsule-forming
C. Acid-fast
D. Endospore-forming - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Capsule-forming
Which describes a mutualistic relationship?
A. Deinococcus radiodurans growing in the vacuum of space
B. Ruminococcus species using nutrients from a cow's diet to digest plant cellulose in the
rumen.
C. Mastigophora protozoa feeding on soil bacteria to improve decomposition. D. Chlorobium
species using the radiation from hot rocks to perform photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
Ruminococcus species using nutrients from a cow's diet to digest plant cellulose in the rumen.
Which beneficial role do viruses have in the environment?
A. Fixing nitrogen at plant roots to promote growth
B. Decomposing biomaterials to provide plants with soil nutrients
C. Integrating into plant genomes to increase drought tolerance
D. Releasing light through bioluminescence to be used for photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-
C. Integrating into plant genomes to increase drought tolerance
An infected individual riding in a subway car coughs for a few minutes, then leaves. An
individual standing at the opposite end of the car one hour after the infected individual left
develops symptoms two days later. How was this pathogen transmitted?
A. The pathogen exhibits droplet transmission, where mucus droplets travel short distances
from one set of membranes to another to cause infection.
B. The pathogen exhibits airborne transmission, where suspended mucus particles travel long
distances over time to cause infection.
,C. The pathogen exhibits direct contact transmission because the two individuals were at
opposite ends of the car at the same time. D. The pathogen exhibits vector transmission
because the two individuals touched the same fomite at the same time. - CORRECT ANSWER-
How is incidence different than prevalence?
A. Incidence is the total number of cases at a given point in time, whereas prevalence is the
number of new cases over a given span of time.
B. Incidence is the number of new cases at a given point in time, whereas prevalence is the
number of cases of recovered individuals over a given span of time.
C. Incidence is the number of new cases over a given span of time, whereas prevalence is the
total number of cases at a given point in time.
D. Incidence is the number of new cases over a given span of time, whereas prevalence is the
number of cases of recovered individuals at a given point in time. - CORRECT ANSWER-C.
Incidence is the number of new cases over a given span of time, whereas prevalence is the total
number of cases at a given point in time.
Which virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa gives off a fruity odor?
A. Pyocyanin
B. Pyoverdine
C. O-antigen
D. Exotoxin A - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Pyocyanin
Which viral virulence factor requires adjustments to the influenza vaccine annually?
A. Antigenic variation
B.Encapsulation
C. Adhesion
D. Replication - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Antigenic variation
How does coinfection of a single cell by multiple strains of a virus increase its pathogenicity?
, A. Coinfection provides the opportunity for an antigenic shift.
B. Coinfection limits the opportunity for harmful mutations.
C. Coinfection provides the opportunity for the animal to adapt to the pathogen.
D. Coinfection provides the opportunity for the pathogen to integrate into the cell's genome. -
CORRECT ANSWER-A. Coinfection provides the opportunity for an antigenic shift.
Which statement describes prokaryotic cells?
A. Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in both pairs and clusters.
B. Prokaryotic cells have multiple rod-shaped chromosomes.
C. Prokaryotic cells are found in chains of rods but not single rods.
D. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in both pairs and clusters.
Which statement describes eukaryotic cells?
A. The exoskeletons of eukaryotic cells maintain and support the cells' shapes.
B. The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by complex nuclear membranes.
C. The genomes of eukaryotic cells are usually packaged in single circular chromosomes.
D. The organelles of eukaryotic cells are held in place by semipermeable exoskeletons. -
CORRECT ANSWER-B. The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by complex nuclear
membranes
Which statement describes eukaryotic flagella?
A. Eukaryotic flagella can cover the entire surface of a cell.
B. Eukaryotic flagella are rotating structures.
C. Eukaryotic flagella have twelve pairs of microtubules.
D. Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like structures.
correct - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like structures.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ [LATEST 2026-
2027] 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Why are diseases like Legionnaires' disease considered noncommunicable?
A. Once a person contracts this disease, they can not pass it to another person.
B. This disease can only be passed from person to person through surfaces.
C. Once a person contracts this disease, they can only pass it to immunocompromised people.
D. This disease can only be passed from animals to people. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. . Once a
person contracts this disease, they can not pass it to another person.
Which target would appropriately treat a fungal skin infection?
A. Ergosterol synthesis
B. Peptidoglycan synthesis
C. Folic acid synthesis
D. Reverse transcriptase synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Ergosterol synthesis
Why is there a resurgence in whooping cough and measles in the United States?
A. Less effective vaccinations in children
B. More opposition to childhood vaccination
C. More vectors for disease spread among children
D. Less vaccination availability to children - CORRECT ANSWER-B. More opposition to childhood
vaccination
,Which organism type does a conjugate vaccine target?
A. Anaerobe
B. Capsule-forming
C. Acid-fast
D. Endospore-forming - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Capsule-forming
Which describes a mutualistic relationship?
A. Deinococcus radiodurans growing in the vacuum of space
B. Ruminococcus species using nutrients from a cow's diet to digest plant cellulose in the
rumen.
C. Mastigophora protozoa feeding on soil bacteria to improve decomposition. D. Chlorobium
species using the radiation from hot rocks to perform photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
Ruminococcus species using nutrients from a cow's diet to digest plant cellulose in the rumen.
Which beneficial role do viruses have in the environment?
A. Fixing nitrogen at plant roots to promote growth
B. Decomposing biomaterials to provide plants with soil nutrients
C. Integrating into plant genomes to increase drought tolerance
D. Releasing light through bioluminescence to be used for photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-
C. Integrating into plant genomes to increase drought tolerance
An infected individual riding in a subway car coughs for a few minutes, then leaves. An
individual standing at the opposite end of the car one hour after the infected individual left
develops symptoms two days later. How was this pathogen transmitted?
A. The pathogen exhibits droplet transmission, where mucus droplets travel short distances
from one set of membranes to another to cause infection.
B. The pathogen exhibits airborne transmission, where suspended mucus particles travel long
distances over time to cause infection.
,C. The pathogen exhibits direct contact transmission because the two individuals were at
opposite ends of the car at the same time. D. The pathogen exhibits vector transmission
because the two individuals touched the same fomite at the same time. - CORRECT ANSWER-
How is incidence different than prevalence?
A. Incidence is the total number of cases at a given point in time, whereas prevalence is the
number of new cases over a given span of time.
B. Incidence is the number of new cases at a given point in time, whereas prevalence is the
number of cases of recovered individuals over a given span of time.
C. Incidence is the number of new cases over a given span of time, whereas prevalence is the
total number of cases at a given point in time.
D. Incidence is the number of new cases over a given span of time, whereas prevalence is the
number of cases of recovered individuals at a given point in time. - CORRECT ANSWER-C.
Incidence is the number of new cases over a given span of time, whereas prevalence is the total
number of cases at a given point in time.
Which virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa gives off a fruity odor?
A. Pyocyanin
B. Pyoverdine
C. O-antigen
D. Exotoxin A - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Pyocyanin
Which viral virulence factor requires adjustments to the influenza vaccine annually?
A. Antigenic variation
B.Encapsulation
C. Adhesion
D. Replication - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Antigenic variation
How does coinfection of a single cell by multiple strains of a virus increase its pathogenicity?
, A. Coinfection provides the opportunity for an antigenic shift.
B. Coinfection limits the opportunity for harmful mutations.
C. Coinfection provides the opportunity for the animal to adapt to the pathogen.
D. Coinfection provides the opportunity for the pathogen to integrate into the cell's genome. -
CORRECT ANSWER-A. Coinfection provides the opportunity for an antigenic shift.
Which statement describes prokaryotic cells?
A. Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in both pairs and clusters.
B. Prokaryotic cells have multiple rod-shaped chromosomes.
C. Prokaryotic cells are found in chains of rods but not single rods.
D. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in both pairs and clusters.
Which statement describes eukaryotic cells?
A. The exoskeletons of eukaryotic cells maintain and support the cells' shapes.
B. The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by complex nuclear membranes.
C. The genomes of eukaryotic cells are usually packaged in single circular chromosomes.
D. The organelles of eukaryotic cells are held in place by semipermeable exoskeletons. -
CORRECT ANSWER-B. The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by complex nuclear
membranes
Which statement describes eukaryotic flagella?
A. Eukaryotic flagella can cover the entire surface of a cell.
B. Eukaryotic flagella are rotating structures.
C. Eukaryotic flagella have twelve pairs of microtubules.
D. Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like structures.
correct - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like structures.
