A 36-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine examination. He has a 5-year
history of recurrent episodes of genital herpes treated with acyclovir. He says, "I`ve
been taking the medication, but I still occasionally get lesions. When will I be cured?" The
physician informs him that herpes simplex is a lifelong infection, with no cure at the
present time. Which of the following best explains the longevity of the herpes simplex
virus?
Give this one a try later!
Establishment of a latent infection in sensory nerve cells
A 72-year-old woman is admitted to the intensive care unit after undergoing immediate
operative repair of a ruptured colonic diverticulum. During the next 2 weeks, she
develops recurrent fevers. After a blood culture grows yeast, micafungin therapy is
initiated. This drug most likely targets which of the following cellular structures?
,Give this one a try later!
Cell wall
A previously healthy 25-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for treatment of viral
pneumonia. He is mechanically ventilated because of respiratory failure due to
hypoxemia. An open-lung biopsy specimen is obtained and shows a pattern of acute
lung injury. The presence of which of the following in the biopsy specimen most clearly
suggests diffuse alveolar damage rather than bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing
pneumonia in this patient?
Give this one a try later!
Alveolar hyaline membrane
A 54 y/o woman comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of severe mid-back
pain Physical examination shows point tenderness over the T6 vertebra. Serum studies
show a calcium concentration of 13.4 mg/dl; urinalysis shows Bence Jones proteins.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's hypercalcemia?
Give this one a try later!
Local interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor
An investigative team is studying the physiologic mechanisms that explain increased
exercise performance during 2 weeks at high altitude (10,000 feet above sea level) in
experimental animals. These experiments are designed to distinguish between increases
, in arterial oxygen delivery to exercising muscle and unloading oxygen from blood into
the tissues. Which of the following factors would be expected to increase for the data to
support increased unloading oxygen into the tissues with acclimatization to high
altitude?
Give this one a try later!
2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
It binds with greater affinity to deoxygenated hemoglobin (e.g. when the red
cell is near respiring tissue) than it does to oxygenated hemoglobin
An investigation is conducted to examine a new drug (Drug X) for the treatment of
asthma. The drug is found to increase cAMP in smooth muscle cells. The mechanism of
action of Drug X most closely resembles that of which of the following drugs?
Give this one a try later!
Albuterol
Albuterol is a beta 2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
beta 2 receptors control adenyl cyclase -> ATP -> cAMP -> increases protein
kinase A
A 46 year old man comes into the office with right shoulder pain. External resistance is
painful but there is no weakness. MRI shows tear of right infraspinatus muscle. Which
muscle is compensating?
Give this one a try later!
history of recurrent episodes of genital herpes treated with acyclovir. He says, "I`ve
been taking the medication, but I still occasionally get lesions. When will I be cured?" The
physician informs him that herpes simplex is a lifelong infection, with no cure at the
present time. Which of the following best explains the longevity of the herpes simplex
virus?
Give this one a try later!
Establishment of a latent infection in sensory nerve cells
A 72-year-old woman is admitted to the intensive care unit after undergoing immediate
operative repair of a ruptured colonic diverticulum. During the next 2 weeks, she
develops recurrent fevers. After a blood culture grows yeast, micafungin therapy is
initiated. This drug most likely targets which of the following cellular structures?
,Give this one a try later!
Cell wall
A previously healthy 25-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for treatment of viral
pneumonia. He is mechanically ventilated because of respiratory failure due to
hypoxemia. An open-lung biopsy specimen is obtained and shows a pattern of acute
lung injury. The presence of which of the following in the biopsy specimen most clearly
suggests diffuse alveolar damage rather than bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing
pneumonia in this patient?
Give this one a try later!
Alveolar hyaline membrane
A 54 y/o woman comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of severe mid-back
pain Physical examination shows point tenderness over the T6 vertebra. Serum studies
show a calcium concentration of 13.4 mg/dl; urinalysis shows Bence Jones proteins.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's hypercalcemia?
Give this one a try later!
Local interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor
An investigative team is studying the physiologic mechanisms that explain increased
exercise performance during 2 weeks at high altitude (10,000 feet above sea level) in
experimental animals. These experiments are designed to distinguish between increases
, in arterial oxygen delivery to exercising muscle and unloading oxygen from blood into
the tissues. Which of the following factors would be expected to increase for the data to
support increased unloading oxygen into the tissues with acclimatization to high
altitude?
Give this one a try later!
2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
It binds with greater affinity to deoxygenated hemoglobin (e.g. when the red
cell is near respiring tissue) than it does to oxygenated hemoglobin
An investigation is conducted to examine a new drug (Drug X) for the treatment of
asthma. The drug is found to increase cAMP in smooth muscle cells. The mechanism of
action of Drug X most closely resembles that of which of the following drugs?
Give this one a try later!
Albuterol
Albuterol is a beta 2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
beta 2 receptors control adenyl cyclase -> ATP -> cAMP -> increases protein
kinase A
A 46 year old man comes into the office with right shoulder pain. External resistance is
painful but there is no weakness. MRI shows tear of right infraspinatus muscle. Which
muscle is compensating?
Give this one a try later!
