Public health final
Public Health Nursing (Saint Louis University)
, Final Exam Study Guide
1) INTRO
a. Assessment = monitor health (vital stats, health surveys,
surveillance, assess needs + threats), diagnose, investigate
(case finding, screenings)
b. Policy development = inform/educate (campaigns, social
marketing, sell healthy behaviors), empower (mobilize
community partnerships, convening, facilitating groups to
work towards a goal)
i. Ex. newborn screenings, vaccine mandates
c. Assurance = enforce laws (fluoridation + chlorination of
water, nursing homes, food safety, sanitary,
exposures/hazards), link to/provide care (clinics), competent
workforce (licenses, education), evaluate (EBP)
d. Research = new solutions (NIH, CDC)
e. Surveillance – risk factor identification – intervention –
implementation – evaluation = problem leads to response!
f. PHN = epidemiology, biostats, nursing theory, management
theory, change theory, economics, politics, history of public
health, issues in public health, public health administration,
community assessment, program planning/evaluation,
interventions at the aggregate level, research
g. Changes in healthcare in 21st century = social determinants of
health, patient/client-centered care, technology, increased
personal responsibility
h. Local foci = immunizations, disease surveillance,
communicable disease control, inspection + licensing of
restaurants, environmental health surveillance, coordinating
screenings, tobacco control, disaster preparedness
i. State foci = vital stats, labs, licenses, WIC, regulating
facilities, drinking water, Medicaid administration, medical
examiners office
j. NIH -> largest agency, research/training
programs/communication of health information
k. ATSDR -> agency for toxic substances and disease
registry -> toxic exposure guidance
l. CDC -> prevention, health data, control
m. FDA -> food and drug
n. HRSA -> health resources and services administration ->
equitable access
o. NGOs = Red Cross, American Cancer Society,
American Heart Association
2) EPIDEMIOLOGY
, a. Study of distribution/determinants of health
b. Endemic – usual prevalence of disease
c. Epidemic – outbreak, increased incidence
d. Pandemic – worldwide epidemic
e. Rate – measurement of occurrence/existence of specific illness
i. # events/population at risk x 10
ii. Adjusted – removes effects of differences in
composition of a population (ex. age) when comparing
rates
iii. Crude – entire population, no adjustments
iv. Incidence – # without a condition will develop
condition over time
v. Prevalence – # of people in given population who
have existing condition at point in time
f. Epidemiologic triangle – host, environment, agent
g. Wheel of Causation -> social environment, physical
environment, biological environment -> host/genetic core
h. Web of Causation -> water, diet, obesity, stress,
hormones, smoking, stroke, HTN, cholesterol, physical
activity, genetics
3) COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
a. Community -> group of people linked by social
ties, sharing perspectives -> society, nation,
international, global
i. Geopolitical -> share geological boundaries +
governing structures
ii. Phenomenological -> share interests
iii. Community of solution -> address problem/need
b. Community assessment -> analyze information on
assets/strengths/resources to understand health of
community
i. Set priorities + goals + standards, identify
organizations, understand determinants,
awareness
c. Population-focused assessment -> group who
shares 1+ characteristics
i. ex. men with heart disease, nutrition in school age kids
d. Health planning -> problems identified, priorities selected,
objectives set, promotion, equity, social determinants identified
-> national, regional, state level
e. Understanding community = opinions, attitudes, behavior,
influences, resources, factors that cause disparities
f. Frameworks -> help to gain information/describe health
+ clarify relationships + conduct assessment/test
interventions
i. People
(coalitions/stakeholders/economics/politics/education)
, interacting with community = KEY
g. Pre-assessment -> set up committee, investigate what
is already known, determine focus + data to collect
Public Health Nursing (Saint Louis University)
, Final Exam Study Guide
1) INTRO
a. Assessment = monitor health (vital stats, health surveys,
surveillance, assess needs + threats), diagnose, investigate
(case finding, screenings)
b. Policy development = inform/educate (campaigns, social
marketing, sell healthy behaviors), empower (mobilize
community partnerships, convening, facilitating groups to
work towards a goal)
i. Ex. newborn screenings, vaccine mandates
c. Assurance = enforce laws (fluoridation + chlorination of
water, nursing homes, food safety, sanitary,
exposures/hazards), link to/provide care (clinics), competent
workforce (licenses, education), evaluate (EBP)
d. Research = new solutions (NIH, CDC)
e. Surveillance – risk factor identification – intervention –
implementation – evaluation = problem leads to response!
f. PHN = epidemiology, biostats, nursing theory, management
theory, change theory, economics, politics, history of public
health, issues in public health, public health administration,
community assessment, program planning/evaluation,
interventions at the aggregate level, research
g. Changes in healthcare in 21st century = social determinants of
health, patient/client-centered care, technology, increased
personal responsibility
h. Local foci = immunizations, disease surveillance,
communicable disease control, inspection + licensing of
restaurants, environmental health surveillance, coordinating
screenings, tobacco control, disaster preparedness
i. State foci = vital stats, labs, licenses, WIC, regulating
facilities, drinking water, Medicaid administration, medical
examiners office
j. NIH -> largest agency, research/training
programs/communication of health information
k. ATSDR -> agency for toxic substances and disease
registry -> toxic exposure guidance
l. CDC -> prevention, health data, control
m. FDA -> food and drug
n. HRSA -> health resources and services administration ->
equitable access
o. NGOs = Red Cross, American Cancer Society,
American Heart Association
2) EPIDEMIOLOGY
, a. Study of distribution/determinants of health
b. Endemic – usual prevalence of disease
c. Epidemic – outbreak, increased incidence
d. Pandemic – worldwide epidemic
e. Rate – measurement of occurrence/existence of specific illness
i. # events/population at risk x 10
ii. Adjusted – removes effects of differences in
composition of a population (ex. age) when comparing
rates
iii. Crude – entire population, no adjustments
iv. Incidence – # without a condition will develop
condition over time
v. Prevalence – # of people in given population who
have existing condition at point in time
f. Epidemiologic triangle – host, environment, agent
g. Wheel of Causation -> social environment, physical
environment, biological environment -> host/genetic core
h. Web of Causation -> water, diet, obesity, stress,
hormones, smoking, stroke, HTN, cholesterol, physical
activity, genetics
3) COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
a. Community -> group of people linked by social
ties, sharing perspectives -> society, nation,
international, global
i. Geopolitical -> share geological boundaries +
governing structures
ii. Phenomenological -> share interests
iii. Community of solution -> address problem/need
b. Community assessment -> analyze information on
assets/strengths/resources to understand health of
community
i. Set priorities + goals + standards, identify
organizations, understand determinants,
awareness
c. Population-focused assessment -> group who
shares 1+ characteristics
i. ex. men with heart disease, nutrition in school age kids
d. Health planning -> problems identified, priorities selected,
objectives set, promotion, equity, social determinants identified
-> national, regional, state level
e. Understanding community = opinions, attitudes, behavior,
influences, resources, factors that cause disparities
f. Frameworks -> help to gain information/describe health
+ clarify relationships + conduct assessment/test
interventions
i. People
(coalitions/stakeholders/economics/politics/education)
, interacting with community = KEY
g. Pre-assessment -> set up committee, investigate what
is already known, determine focus + data to collect
