Biol-1406: Exam 2 Chapter 5-8 Review
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026 -2027 Updated.
Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of
the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? - Answer mitochondria
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? -
Answer rough ER
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? - Answer ribosome
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? -
Answer Bacteria and Archaea
Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____. - Answer chloroplasts
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____. - Answer an endoplasmic
reticulum
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? -
Answer Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____. - Answer primarily
producing proteins in the cytosol
Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in
the nuclear membrane? - Answer mRNA
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a
cell? - Answer ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? - Answer
mitochondrion
Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes
attached to the ER? - Answer in mitochondria
, Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? - Answer mitochondrion
Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? - Answer chloroplast
A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. - Answer
synthesize large quantities of lipids
Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other
substances called a: - Answer central vacuole
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the
following molecules? - Answer proteins
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? - Answer It regulates
the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are: - Answer
peroxisomes
In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. - Answer in the nucleus, mitochondria, and
chloroplasts
A sodium-potassium pump _____. - Answer move three sodium ions out of a cell and two
potassium ions into a cell while consuming an ATP for each cycle
Which of the following most accurately describes selective permeability? - Answer Only
certain molecules can cross a cell membrane.
The solutions in the two arms of this U- tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to
water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half- filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1
M glucose. Side B is half- filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on
both sides are equal.
Refer t o the figure. Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to the
solution in side B is _____. - Answer isotonic
In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary? - Answer Certain proteins are
unique to each membrane.
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026 -2027 Updated.
Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of
the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease? - Answer mitochondria
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? -
Answer rough ER
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? - Answer ribosome
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? -
Answer Bacteria and Archaea
Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____. - Answer chloroplasts
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____. - Answer an endoplasmic
reticulum
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? -
Answer Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.
A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____. - Answer primarily
producing proteins in the cytosol
Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in
the nuclear membrane? - Answer mRNA
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a
cell? - Answer ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? - Answer
mitochondrion
Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes
attached to the ER? - Answer in mitochondria
, Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? - Answer mitochondrion
Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? - Answer chloroplast
A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. - Answer
synthesize large quantities of lipids
Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other
substances called a: - Answer central vacuole
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the
following molecules? - Answer proteins
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? - Answer It regulates
the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are: - Answer
peroxisomes
In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. - Answer in the nucleus, mitochondria, and
chloroplasts
A sodium-potassium pump _____. - Answer move three sodium ions out of a cell and two
potassium ions into a cell while consuming an ATP for each cycle
Which of the following most accurately describes selective permeability? - Answer Only
certain molecules can cross a cell membrane.
The solutions in the two arms of this U- tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to
water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half- filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1
M glucose. Side B is half- filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on
both sides are equal.
Refer t o the figure. Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to the
solution in side B is _____. - Answer isotonic
In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary? - Answer Certain proteins are
unique to each membrane.
