Inhoud
Les 1: 14/02/2025 – Wat is cultuur?........................................................................6
Definitie............................................................................................................... 6
Definitie cultuur............................................................................................... 6
Cultuur in de eerste betekenis.........................................................................6
Cultuur is aangeleerd.......................................................................................... 6
Zichtbare of onzichtbare elementen................................................................6
Culturele ijsberg............................................................................................... 7
Stereotypes...................................................................................................... 7
Culturele misverstanden vermijden.................................................................7
Culturele programmering.................................................................................... 8
Geert Hofstede definitie cultuur.......................................................................8
Culturele programmering................................................................................. 8
Het TOPOI-model van Edwin Hoffman.................................................................8
Conclusie van Edwin Hoffman..........................................................................9
TOPOI-model....................................................................................................... 9
Taal................................................................................................................... 9
Ordening.......................................................................................................... 9
Personen.......................................................................................................... 9
Organisatie....................................................................................................... 9
Inzet............................................................................................................... 10
TOPOI-model.................................................................................................. 10
Overlap TOPOI................................................................................................ 10
3 sleutelvragen en tips over hoe omgaan met ‘culturele ruis’.......................10
Les 2: 28/02/2025................................................................................................. 10
TOPOI-model..................................................................................................... 10
Geert Hofstede (1928-2020)............................................................................. 11
6-D model = 6 culturele dimensies...................................................................11
1. Machtsafstand (grote-kleine).....................................................................11
2. Individualisme – collectivisme....................................................................12
3. Masculiniteit – feminiteit............................................................................ 13
4. Onzekerheidsvermijding............................................................................. 13
5. Gericht op korte/lange termijn...................................................................14
6. Hedonisme – soberheid.............................................................................. 14
Kritieken......................................................................................................... 15
Innovatie........................................................................................................... 15
1
, Definities innovatie........................................................................................... 15
Creativiteit..................................................................................................... 15
Uitvinding....................................................................................................... 15
Innovatie........................................................................................................ 15
Ontdekking..................................................................................................... 16
Design thinking.............................................................................................. 16
Consumentengedrag en innovaties...................................................................16
Psychologie en innovaties.............................................................................. 16
Marktpotentieel van innovaties......................................................................16
Innovatieve regio’s, landen en steden...............................................................17
Les 3: 07/03/2025................................................................................................. 17
Subculturen en generaties................................................................................ 17
Subculturen.................................................................................................... 17
Generaties...................................................................................................... 17
Cultuur: zichtbaar en onzichtbaar.....................................................................18
De wereldburger................................................................................................ 18
De Verenigde Naties (VN)............................................................................... 18
De Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens (UVRM).....................18
Wereldburgerschap........................................................................................... 18
Omvat............................................................................................................ 18
Ruimte maken voor collectieve identiteit.......................................................19
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s)........................................................19
Verdere elementen wereldburgerschap..........................................................19
The world in a single chart (wereld in 1 grafiek)...............................................19
Kritiek op het concept van ‘wereldburgerschap’............................................19
Geert Hofstede.................................................................................................. 19
Edward Hall (1914 – 2009)................................................................................ 20
Cultuur bestuderen............................................................................................ 20
Hoog- en laagcontextcultuur (Edward Hall).......................................................20
Hoogcontextcultuur........................................................................................ 20
Laagcontextcultuur........................................................................................ 20
Persoonlijke ruimte............................................................................................ 20
Persoonlijke ruimte......................................................................................... 21
Snelle en langzame boodschappen...................................................................21
Snelle boodschappen..................................................................................... 21
Langzame boodschappen............................................................................... 21
Conclusie........................................................................................................ 21
2
, Snelle informatiedoorstroming.......................................................................21
Langzame informatiedoorstroming................................................................21
TED talk Julien Bourelle..................................................................................... 21
Les 4: 14/03/2025................................................................................................. 22
Selfassesmenttool ‘cultural competence’..........................................................22
3 onderdelen.................................................................................................. 22
Interculturele sensitiviteit – 6 fases...................................................................23
Fase 1: ontkenning (etnocentrisch)................................................................23
Fase 2: weerstand (etnocentrisch).................................................................24
Fase 3: minimalisering (etnocentrisch)...........................................................24
Fase 4: aanvaarding (etnorelatief).................................................................24
Fase 5: aanpassing (etnorelatief)...................................................................25
Fase 6: Wederzijdse integratie (etnorelatief)..................................................25
Etnocentrisch vs. etnorelatief.........................................................................25
Mogelijke problematieken van de combinatie/confrontatie van 2 culturen....25
Les 5: 21/03/2025................................................................................................. 26
Inleiding Europa................................................................................................ 26
EU Handvest van de Grondrechten...................................................................26
7 instellingen van EU:........................................................................................ 26
De Europese Raad............................................................................................. 27
Samenstelling Europese Raad........................................................................27
De Europese Commissie.................................................................................... 27
De Europese Commissie stelt EU-wetten voor...............................................28
Het Europees Parlement.................................................................................... 28
Locaties van het Europees Parlement............................................................28
Het Europees Parlement................................................................................. 28
De Raad van de Europese Unie.........................................................................28
Het Belgische voorzitterschap van de Raad van de EU..................................29
De Raad van de Europese Unie......................................................................29
De samenstelling van de Raad van de EU......................................................29
Biculturele of pluriculturele jongeren................................................................30
Communicatie tussen culturen..........................................................................30
Communicatie tussen culturen..........................................................................31
Les 6: 28/03/2025................................................................................................. 31
Inleiding: cultuurschok...................................................................................... 31
Cultuurschok.................................................................................................. 31
Hoe uit zich een cultuurschok........................................................................31
3
, Fases van een cultuurschok........................................................................... 32
Fase 1: onzekerheid (voor vertrek).................................................................32
Fase 2: het vakantiegevoel (bij aankomst).....................................................32
Fase 3: boosheidsfase/spanning.....................................................................32
Fase 4: aanpassingsfase................................................................................. 32
Wonen in het buitenland................................................................................... 33
Wonen in het buitenland als EU-burger..........................................................33
Visum............................................................................................................. 33
Schengen....................................................................................................... 33
Acculturation (= acculturatie)........................................................................34
Cultural fractures (= culturele breuklijnen)....................................................34
Werken in het buitenland.................................................................................. 34
Waarom?........................................................................................................ 35
Stage in het buitenland.................................................................................. 35
Studeren in het buitenland................................................................................ 35
Thuiskeerschok.................................................................................................. 36
Fases thuiskeerschok..................................................................................... 36
Internationals in Gent........................................................................................ 36
Internationale studenten in Gent...................................................................36
Nieuwkomers en expats in Gent.....................................................................36
Les 7: 09/05/2025................................................................................................. 36
Diversiteit in teams........................................................................................... 36
Nancy Adler.................................................................................................... 37
Homogeen teams........................................................................................... 37
Token team..................................................................................................... 37
Bi-cultureel team............................................................................................ 37
Multicultureel team........................................................................................ 37
Vooringenomenheid....................................................................................... 38
Multiculturele teams tijdens de fasen van groepsontwikkeling.........................38
Het 5-fasenmodel van Bruce Tuckman...........................................................38
Fase 1: forming – groepsvorming..................................................................38
Fase 2: storming – interne conflicten..............................................................38
Fase 3: norming – ontwikkeling van samenhang............................................38
Fase 4: performing – functionele fase.............................................................39
Fase 5: adjourning – afronding en evaluatie...................................................39
Global leadership.............................................................................................. 39
4
Les 1: 14/02/2025 – Wat is cultuur?........................................................................6
Definitie............................................................................................................... 6
Definitie cultuur............................................................................................... 6
Cultuur in de eerste betekenis.........................................................................6
Cultuur is aangeleerd.......................................................................................... 6
Zichtbare of onzichtbare elementen................................................................6
Culturele ijsberg............................................................................................... 7
Stereotypes...................................................................................................... 7
Culturele misverstanden vermijden.................................................................7
Culturele programmering.................................................................................... 8
Geert Hofstede definitie cultuur.......................................................................8
Culturele programmering................................................................................. 8
Het TOPOI-model van Edwin Hoffman.................................................................8
Conclusie van Edwin Hoffman..........................................................................9
TOPOI-model....................................................................................................... 9
Taal................................................................................................................... 9
Ordening.......................................................................................................... 9
Personen.......................................................................................................... 9
Organisatie....................................................................................................... 9
Inzet............................................................................................................... 10
TOPOI-model.................................................................................................. 10
Overlap TOPOI................................................................................................ 10
3 sleutelvragen en tips over hoe omgaan met ‘culturele ruis’.......................10
Les 2: 28/02/2025................................................................................................. 10
TOPOI-model..................................................................................................... 10
Geert Hofstede (1928-2020)............................................................................. 11
6-D model = 6 culturele dimensies...................................................................11
1. Machtsafstand (grote-kleine).....................................................................11
2. Individualisme – collectivisme....................................................................12
3. Masculiniteit – feminiteit............................................................................ 13
4. Onzekerheidsvermijding............................................................................. 13
5. Gericht op korte/lange termijn...................................................................14
6. Hedonisme – soberheid.............................................................................. 14
Kritieken......................................................................................................... 15
Innovatie........................................................................................................... 15
1
, Definities innovatie........................................................................................... 15
Creativiteit..................................................................................................... 15
Uitvinding....................................................................................................... 15
Innovatie........................................................................................................ 15
Ontdekking..................................................................................................... 16
Design thinking.............................................................................................. 16
Consumentengedrag en innovaties...................................................................16
Psychologie en innovaties.............................................................................. 16
Marktpotentieel van innovaties......................................................................16
Innovatieve regio’s, landen en steden...............................................................17
Les 3: 07/03/2025................................................................................................. 17
Subculturen en generaties................................................................................ 17
Subculturen.................................................................................................... 17
Generaties...................................................................................................... 17
Cultuur: zichtbaar en onzichtbaar.....................................................................18
De wereldburger................................................................................................ 18
De Verenigde Naties (VN)............................................................................... 18
De Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens (UVRM).....................18
Wereldburgerschap........................................................................................... 18
Omvat............................................................................................................ 18
Ruimte maken voor collectieve identiteit.......................................................19
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s)........................................................19
Verdere elementen wereldburgerschap..........................................................19
The world in a single chart (wereld in 1 grafiek)...............................................19
Kritiek op het concept van ‘wereldburgerschap’............................................19
Geert Hofstede.................................................................................................. 19
Edward Hall (1914 – 2009)................................................................................ 20
Cultuur bestuderen............................................................................................ 20
Hoog- en laagcontextcultuur (Edward Hall).......................................................20
Hoogcontextcultuur........................................................................................ 20
Laagcontextcultuur........................................................................................ 20
Persoonlijke ruimte............................................................................................ 20
Persoonlijke ruimte......................................................................................... 21
Snelle en langzame boodschappen...................................................................21
Snelle boodschappen..................................................................................... 21
Langzame boodschappen............................................................................... 21
Conclusie........................................................................................................ 21
2
, Snelle informatiedoorstroming.......................................................................21
Langzame informatiedoorstroming................................................................21
TED talk Julien Bourelle..................................................................................... 21
Les 4: 14/03/2025................................................................................................. 22
Selfassesmenttool ‘cultural competence’..........................................................22
3 onderdelen.................................................................................................. 22
Interculturele sensitiviteit – 6 fases...................................................................23
Fase 1: ontkenning (etnocentrisch)................................................................23
Fase 2: weerstand (etnocentrisch).................................................................24
Fase 3: minimalisering (etnocentrisch)...........................................................24
Fase 4: aanvaarding (etnorelatief).................................................................24
Fase 5: aanpassing (etnorelatief)...................................................................25
Fase 6: Wederzijdse integratie (etnorelatief)..................................................25
Etnocentrisch vs. etnorelatief.........................................................................25
Mogelijke problematieken van de combinatie/confrontatie van 2 culturen....25
Les 5: 21/03/2025................................................................................................. 26
Inleiding Europa................................................................................................ 26
EU Handvest van de Grondrechten...................................................................26
7 instellingen van EU:........................................................................................ 26
De Europese Raad............................................................................................. 27
Samenstelling Europese Raad........................................................................27
De Europese Commissie.................................................................................... 27
De Europese Commissie stelt EU-wetten voor...............................................28
Het Europees Parlement.................................................................................... 28
Locaties van het Europees Parlement............................................................28
Het Europees Parlement................................................................................. 28
De Raad van de Europese Unie.........................................................................28
Het Belgische voorzitterschap van de Raad van de EU..................................29
De Raad van de Europese Unie......................................................................29
De samenstelling van de Raad van de EU......................................................29
Biculturele of pluriculturele jongeren................................................................30
Communicatie tussen culturen..........................................................................30
Communicatie tussen culturen..........................................................................31
Les 6: 28/03/2025................................................................................................. 31
Inleiding: cultuurschok...................................................................................... 31
Cultuurschok.................................................................................................. 31
Hoe uit zich een cultuurschok........................................................................31
3
, Fases van een cultuurschok........................................................................... 32
Fase 1: onzekerheid (voor vertrek).................................................................32
Fase 2: het vakantiegevoel (bij aankomst).....................................................32
Fase 3: boosheidsfase/spanning.....................................................................32
Fase 4: aanpassingsfase................................................................................. 32
Wonen in het buitenland................................................................................... 33
Wonen in het buitenland als EU-burger..........................................................33
Visum............................................................................................................. 33
Schengen....................................................................................................... 33
Acculturation (= acculturatie)........................................................................34
Cultural fractures (= culturele breuklijnen)....................................................34
Werken in het buitenland.................................................................................. 34
Waarom?........................................................................................................ 35
Stage in het buitenland.................................................................................. 35
Studeren in het buitenland................................................................................ 35
Thuiskeerschok.................................................................................................. 36
Fases thuiskeerschok..................................................................................... 36
Internationals in Gent........................................................................................ 36
Internationale studenten in Gent...................................................................36
Nieuwkomers en expats in Gent.....................................................................36
Les 7: 09/05/2025................................................................................................. 36
Diversiteit in teams........................................................................................... 36
Nancy Adler.................................................................................................... 37
Homogeen teams........................................................................................... 37
Token team..................................................................................................... 37
Bi-cultureel team............................................................................................ 37
Multicultureel team........................................................................................ 37
Vooringenomenheid....................................................................................... 38
Multiculturele teams tijdens de fasen van groepsontwikkeling.........................38
Het 5-fasenmodel van Bruce Tuckman...........................................................38
Fase 1: forming – groepsvorming..................................................................38
Fase 2: storming – interne conflicten..............................................................38
Fase 3: norming – ontwikkeling van samenhang............................................38
Fase 4: performing – functionele fase.............................................................39
Fase 5: adjourning – afronding en evaluatie...................................................39
Global leadership.............................................................................................. 39
4
