PSY 357 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
Neisser's 1964 study of visual search: results
-We perceive letters as combinations of features (features DO matter)
-2 arrays: 1 with no common features and 2 with many common featured letters (#1 detection
times faster when NO common features to distract us)
Neisser's 1964 study of visual search: implications
Bottom-up processing in reading
-If no letters pop-out, we have to many distractors and it takes longer to find out where it is
-WE IDENTIFY LETTERS AS PARTS OF WORDS
Given a description of an experiment involving the word superiority paradigm, be able to
identify the most likely pattern of results that would emerge.
Word recognition does NOT merely take place letter by letter
*-words recognized HOLISTICALLY, processed in PARALLEL, WORD CONTEXT is
important
-presented with: word condition: fort-->XXXX; XXXT did you see the letter?
identify the implications of the word superiority effect.
We identify letters a PARTS of words (top-down processing)
-BIG ADVANTAGE to this; top-down guess based on features
Based on research conducted by Johnson, Perea and Rayner (2007), be able to identify
word-scrambling methods that would, and would not, lead to easily identifiable word
strings.
, If the 1st and last letters are in the right place we can still identify the word correctly (Ex:
Aoccdrnig)
orthography
mapping of sounds to written symbols
logography
words correspond to individual pictorial symbols (Chinese)
syllabary
Syllable as linguistic unit (ex: po-ta-to; 3 symbols)
alphabet
letters represent phonemes
Given a list of words, be able to identify the one that would be characterized as having an
"irregular" spelling-to-sound correspondence in English.
"ghost": -gh sometimes makes "f" sound
"women"
"motion"
dual-route model of reading: 2 routes
lexical route & sublexical route
Lexical Route
Direct access to irregular pronunciations (memory based on learning words- ex: steak, pint)
Neisser's 1964 study of visual search: results
-We perceive letters as combinations of features (features DO matter)
-2 arrays: 1 with no common features and 2 with many common featured letters (#1 detection
times faster when NO common features to distract us)
Neisser's 1964 study of visual search: implications
Bottom-up processing in reading
-If no letters pop-out, we have to many distractors and it takes longer to find out where it is
-WE IDENTIFY LETTERS AS PARTS OF WORDS
Given a description of an experiment involving the word superiority paradigm, be able to
identify the most likely pattern of results that would emerge.
Word recognition does NOT merely take place letter by letter
*-words recognized HOLISTICALLY, processed in PARALLEL, WORD CONTEXT is
important
-presented with: word condition: fort-->XXXX; XXXT did you see the letter?
identify the implications of the word superiority effect.
We identify letters a PARTS of words (top-down processing)
-BIG ADVANTAGE to this; top-down guess based on features
Based on research conducted by Johnson, Perea and Rayner (2007), be able to identify
word-scrambling methods that would, and would not, lead to easily identifiable word
strings.
, If the 1st and last letters are in the right place we can still identify the word correctly (Ex:
Aoccdrnig)
orthography
mapping of sounds to written symbols
logography
words correspond to individual pictorial symbols (Chinese)
syllabary
Syllable as linguistic unit (ex: po-ta-to; 3 symbols)
alphabet
letters represent phonemes
Given a list of words, be able to identify the one that would be characterized as having an
"irregular" spelling-to-sound correspondence in English.
"ghost": -gh sometimes makes "f" sound
"women"
"motion"
dual-route model of reading: 2 routes
lexical route & sublexical route
Lexical Route
Direct access to irregular pronunciations (memory based on learning words- ex: steak, pint)
