NUR 198 Exam 1 – Ryno QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | 2026 UPDATE
An older adult comes in with new onset of confusion. What should you do first?
Labs, to check for UTI or pneumonia. Electrolytes issue like Hyponatremia
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take
larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
dependence
A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug
first symptom of acidosis
hyperventilation, increased RR
action of 3% sodium
hyperosmolar agent
used in patients with severe hyponatremic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, and cerebral
edema
pain scales
numeric rating scale: numbers
visual analog scale: faces
categorical scale: words, numbers, colors, locations on the body
nonverbal cues of pain
,Decreased activity, grimacing, frowning, crying, moaning, and irritability.
Priority assessment in the PACU
breathing, circulation, and respiratory adequacy
ABCs: airway, breathing, circulation
malignant hyperthermia
a genetic severe reaction to certain drugs used for anesthesia
malignant hyperthermia symptoms
dangerously high body temperature, rigid muscles or spasms, a rapid heart rate
tachycardia, tachypnea, high fever
medications that can cause malignant hyperthermia
anesthesia drugs:
halothane
sevoflurane
desflurane
succinylcholine
malignant hyperthermia treatment
dantrolene
by limiting the activation of calcium receptor
appropriate medications for low-moderate pain
,acetaminophen (tylenol)
NSAIDs: Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin),Naproxen (Aleve)
Acetylsalicylic: Aspirin
non-opioid
Post-Op teaching should include
wound care
pain management or pain goals
activity restrictions
dietary guidelines
medication management or adherence
signs of complications
ambulation to prevent DVT
follow up appointments
Most common form of elder abuse
Financial abuse
role of the nurse in elder abuse
mandatory reporter and documentation
- dementia or Alzheimer's are the most at risk(also parkinsons, immobile clients)
- neurological or degenerative diseases
most common affective disorder in elderly
, depression
risk of suicide is increased from losses, isolation, and illness
delirium
- Acute
- Fluctuating state of confusion
- Onset: fast
- Duration: hours to less than 1 month
- Causes: multiple, such as surgery, infection (sepsis, stoke, UTI's), drugs
- Management: remove or treat the cause
- Nursing interventions: reorient the client to reality; provide a safe environment
possible causes of delirium
○ Dehydration
○ Electrolyte imbalance/ emotional stress
○ Lung, liver, heart, kidney, brain disorders
○ Infection (sepsis, stroke, UTI's)
○ Rx Drugs
○ Immobility
○ Untreated pain, unfamiliar environment
○ Metabolic disorders
if delirium is left untreated what are possible outcomes
changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | 2026 UPDATE
An older adult comes in with new onset of confusion. What should you do first?
Labs, to check for UTI or pneumonia. Electrolytes issue like Hyponatremia
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take
larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
dependence
A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug
first symptom of acidosis
hyperventilation, increased RR
action of 3% sodium
hyperosmolar agent
used in patients with severe hyponatremic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, and cerebral
edema
pain scales
numeric rating scale: numbers
visual analog scale: faces
categorical scale: words, numbers, colors, locations on the body
nonverbal cues of pain
,Decreased activity, grimacing, frowning, crying, moaning, and irritability.
Priority assessment in the PACU
breathing, circulation, and respiratory adequacy
ABCs: airway, breathing, circulation
malignant hyperthermia
a genetic severe reaction to certain drugs used for anesthesia
malignant hyperthermia symptoms
dangerously high body temperature, rigid muscles or spasms, a rapid heart rate
tachycardia, tachypnea, high fever
medications that can cause malignant hyperthermia
anesthesia drugs:
halothane
sevoflurane
desflurane
succinylcholine
malignant hyperthermia treatment
dantrolene
by limiting the activation of calcium receptor
appropriate medications for low-moderate pain
,acetaminophen (tylenol)
NSAIDs: Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin),Naproxen (Aleve)
Acetylsalicylic: Aspirin
non-opioid
Post-Op teaching should include
wound care
pain management or pain goals
activity restrictions
dietary guidelines
medication management or adherence
signs of complications
ambulation to prevent DVT
follow up appointments
Most common form of elder abuse
Financial abuse
role of the nurse in elder abuse
mandatory reporter and documentation
- dementia or Alzheimer's are the most at risk(also parkinsons, immobile clients)
- neurological or degenerative diseases
most common affective disorder in elderly
, depression
risk of suicide is increased from losses, isolation, and illness
delirium
- Acute
- Fluctuating state of confusion
- Onset: fast
- Duration: hours to less than 1 month
- Causes: multiple, such as surgery, infection (sepsis, stoke, UTI's), drugs
- Management: remove or treat the cause
- Nursing interventions: reorient the client to reality; provide a safe environment
possible causes of delirium
○ Dehydration
○ Electrolyte imbalance/ emotional stress
○ Lung, liver, heart, kidney, brain disorders
○ Infection (sepsis, stroke, UTI's)
○ Rx Drugs
○ Immobility
○ Untreated pain, unfamiliar environment
○ Metabolic disorders
if delirium is left untreated what are possible outcomes
changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death
