Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression in
Bacteria Test with complete solutions latest 2026/27
UPDATE
What is the science of heredity called?
Genetics
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
What are mutations?
Alterations in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in gene expression or function.
What is the role of plasmids in cells?
Plasmids exist in cells separate from chromosomes and can carry additional genetic information.
Define genome.
All the genetic information in a cell.
What is a chromosome?
Structures containing DNA that physically carry hereditary information.
What is a gene?
Segments of DNA that encode functional products, usually proteins.
What does the term 'genotype' refer to?
The genetic makeup of an organism, including the alleles present.
, What does 'phenotype' mean?
The expression of the genes; the observable traits of an organism.
What is the significance of the genetic code?
It determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted to an amino acid sequence of a protein.
What is vertical gene transfer?
The flow of genetic information from one generation to the next during cell division.
What is horizontal gene transfer?
The transfer of genetic material between different organisms, often through conjugation.
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
Deoxyribose-phosphate.
What are the roles of topoisomerase and gyrase in DNA replication?
They relax the strands of DNA ahead of the replication fork.
What does helicase do during DNA replication?
It separates the strands of double-stranded DNA.
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand and proofreads the DNA.
What are Okazaki fragments?
Short segments of DNA synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during DNA
replication.
Bacteria Test with complete solutions latest 2026/27
UPDATE
What is the science of heredity called?
Genetics
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
What are mutations?
Alterations in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in gene expression or function.
What is the role of plasmids in cells?
Plasmids exist in cells separate from chromosomes and can carry additional genetic information.
Define genome.
All the genetic information in a cell.
What is a chromosome?
Structures containing DNA that physically carry hereditary information.
What is a gene?
Segments of DNA that encode functional products, usually proteins.
What does the term 'genotype' refer to?
The genetic makeup of an organism, including the alleles present.
, What does 'phenotype' mean?
The expression of the genes; the observable traits of an organism.
What is the significance of the genetic code?
It determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted to an amino acid sequence of a protein.
What is vertical gene transfer?
The flow of genetic information from one generation to the next during cell division.
What is horizontal gene transfer?
The transfer of genetic material between different organisms, often through conjugation.
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
Deoxyribose-phosphate.
What are the roles of topoisomerase and gyrase in DNA replication?
They relax the strands of DNA ahead of the replication fork.
What does helicase do during DNA replication?
It separates the strands of double-stranded DNA.
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand and proofreads the DNA.
What are Okazaki fragments?
Short segments of DNA synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during DNA
replication.
