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Microbial Genetics study Guide with complete solutions latest 2026/27 UPDATE

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Microbial Genetics study Guide with complete solutions latest 2026/27 UPDATE

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Microbial Genetics study Guide with complete
solutions latest 2026/27 UPDATE
genome

all of an organism's genetic material

chromosome and plasmids

bacterial genome

RNA or DNA

viral genome

23 chromosome pairs or 46 chromosomes

human genome

prokaryote chromosome

1 circular piece with essential genes

-haploid - 1 copy each gene

eukaryote chromosome

paired linear pieces of DNA

-diploid - 2 copies of each gene

-1 from mom & 1 from dad

gene

, -functional unit of heredity

-encodes a product

-usually a protein

genotype

-genetic makeup of an organism

-sequence of nucleotides in DNA

-determines traits

phenotype

organism's observable characteristics

-physical appearance or visible traits

-expression of genetic traits

nucleotides

basic units of DNA & RNA

-composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and

-one of 4 DNA bases: ATGC

-one of 4 RNA bases: AUGC

origin of replication (ori)

DNA sequence at which DNA unzips before being copied

-on chromosome (both prokaryotes & eukaryotes)

-also on plasmids

one

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