CIS 5450 Midterm Exam 2026-Quizzes with
Correct Answers
The 5 V's of Big Data
Volume, Velocity, Value, Variety, Veracity
Volume
There's a lot of big data. Too much for simple tools to handle. We need a strategy for handling it
all.
Velocity
Data arrives quickly and must be processed quickly. Working from more recent data is a big
advantage.
Value
Data without a model is a liability, not an asset. We need to use data to power decision-making,
or it isn't helpful.
Variety
Data will come in many forms - sometimes structured (rows, columns), sometimes unstructured
(raw text).
Veracity
Data can be missing pieces, or can have varying levels of quality or integrity. This can impact
insights.
Data Modalities
,a category of data defined by how it is received, represented, and understood (images, text, time
series, etc.).
3 Types of Structured Data and their Qualities
Tables, Arrays, Documents
Tables (Relations, Spreadsheets, Dataframes):
- Rows: Tuples/Facts
- Columns: Attributes
- Each column has a uniform type
- Each row has a value for each column
Arrays (Tensors, Matrix)
- Rows and columns don't have separate meanings
- Uniform Datatype: Elements in the array conform to the same type
Document (Hierarchy Tree., XML, HTML, JSON)
- Nested sequence of maps and lists
Data Wrangling
Getting data from a "raw" format into a "processed" format
What does ETL mean (Wrangling)
, Extract the Data
Transform (and clean) the Data
Load the data into whatever is doing your analysis
GroupBy Keys and Non-Keys
The value in the groupby function is the "Key" and the other value(s) are "Non-keys"
Structured vs Unstructured Data
Structured (Tables, arrays, documents):
- Structured by a schema.
- Looks like things the "computer would like"
Unstructured (Text, images, videos, audio):
- Schema-less
- Looks like things that "we would like"
Schemas Must...
Structure ANY and EVERY piece of data.
Be unambiguous.
Be computable.
4 RegEx Operating Modes
Replacement (re.sub):
Replace all occurrences of a pattern with a string
Correct Answers
The 5 V's of Big Data
Volume, Velocity, Value, Variety, Veracity
Volume
There's a lot of big data. Too much for simple tools to handle. We need a strategy for handling it
all.
Velocity
Data arrives quickly and must be processed quickly. Working from more recent data is a big
advantage.
Value
Data without a model is a liability, not an asset. We need to use data to power decision-making,
or it isn't helpful.
Variety
Data will come in many forms - sometimes structured (rows, columns), sometimes unstructured
(raw text).
Veracity
Data can be missing pieces, or can have varying levels of quality or integrity. This can impact
insights.
Data Modalities
,a category of data defined by how it is received, represented, and understood (images, text, time
series, etc.).
3 Types of Structured Data and their Qualities
Tables, Arrays, Documents
Tables (Relations, Spreadsheets, Dataframes):
- Rows: Tuples/Facts
- Columns: Attributes
- Each column has a uniform type
- Each row has a value for each column
Arrays (Tensors, Matrix)
- Rows and columns don't have separate meanings
- Uniform Datatype: Elements in the array conform to the same type
Document (Hierarchy Tree., XML, HTML, JSON)
- Nested sequence of maps and lists
Data Wrangling
Getting data from a "raw" format into a "processed" format
What does ETL mean (Wrangling)
, Extract the Data
Transform (and clean) the Data
Load the data into whatever is doing your analysis
GroupBy Keys and Non-Keys
The value in the groupby function is the "Key" and the other value(s) are "Non-keys"
Structured vs Unstructured Data
Structured (Tables, arrays, documents):
- Structured by a schema.
- Looks like things the "computer would like"
Unstructured (Text, images, videos, audio):
- Schema-less
- Looks like things that "we would like"
Schemas Must...
Structure ANY and EVERY piece of data.
Be unambiguous.
Be computable.
4 RegEx Operating Modes
Replacement (re.sub):
Replace all occurrences of a pattern with a string
