CMN 554 TEST 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | 2026 UPDATE
An individual's enduring and pervasive motivations, emotions, interpersonal styles,
attitudes, and traits
What is personality?
What is character?
An enduring pattern of behavior and inner experiences that deviates significantly from the
individual's cultural standards; is rigid; has an onset in adolescence/early adulthood and is
stable through time; leads to unhappiness/impairment
What is the definition of a general personality disorder?
the body's biases in the modulation of conditioned behavioral responses to prescriptive
physical stimuli
What is temperament?
*ego-syntonic = symptoms are acceptable to the ego
*they do not feel anxiety about their maladaptive behavior thus they are often disinterested
in treatment and resistant to recovery
What is meant by characterizing the traits of personality disorders as ego-syntonic?
- Features must have been present for at least 1 year
- Exception to this is antisocial personality disorder, which cannot be diagnosed in
individual under the age of 18
When is a personality disorder diagnosed in an individual under 18 years of age?
,-Schizoid personality disorder: Early childhood or adolescence.
-Antisocial personality disorder: Late adolescence.
-Borderline personality disorder: Before age 40
What is the usual age of onset for personality disorders?
-A quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes (ex.jumpy).
-Individuals who exhibit this are introverts, have low self esteem and tend to withdraw, and
who have schizotypal personality disorder.
What is "smooth pursuit" of eye movements? What types of individuals exhibit this?
-Diminished central serotonin plays a role in SI
-Low concentrations of 5-H1AA in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were associated
with suicidal behavior.
-Postmortem neurochemical studies have reported modest decreases in serotonin itself or
5-HIAA in either the brainstem or the frontal cortex of suicide victims.
-Low concentrations of 5-HIAA in CSF also predict future suicidal behavior
How does 5-H1AA relate to suicide?
Slow wave activity
What are the EEG changes seen in patients with antisocial and borderline personality disorder?
The unconscious mental processes that the ego uses to resolve conflicts among the lodestars
of the inner life: instinct (wish or need), reality, important persons, and conscience
What are defense mechanisms?
, Often labeled schizoid, those who are eccentric, isolate, seek solace & satisfaction within
themselves by creating imaginary lives or friends. Persons may seem aloof or unsociable
however these patients have a fear of intimacy
Define defense mechanism: Fantasy
Denial is a Pollyanna-like replacement of unpleasant effects with pleasant ones to avoid
emotional distress.
-Often labeled histrionic personalities and appear
emotionally shallow and dramatic.
-Example: Behave like anxious adolescents who carelessly expose themselves to exciting
dangers to erase anxiety.
Define defense mechanism: Dissociation
-Prevents harmful thoughts from becoming recurrent. -Isolation is characteristic of
controlled orderly persons often labeled obsessive-compulsive personalities.
-In crisis, these patients may show intensified self-restraint, overly formal seriousness and
obstinacy in order to maintain control.
Define defense mechanism: Isolation
-patients place their own unwanted feelings onto someone else.
-Patients' excessive fault finding and sensitivity to criticism may appear as prejudice,
suspiciousness or hypervigilant injustice collecting
Define defense mechanism: Projection
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | 2026 UPDATE
An individual's enduring and pervasive motivations, emotions, interpersonal styles,
attitudes, and traits
What is personality?
What is character?
An enduring pattern of behavior and inner experiences that deviates significantly from the
individual's cultural standards; is rigid; has an onset in adolescence/early adulthood and is
stable through time; leads to unhappiness/impairment
What is the definition of a general personality disorder?
the body's biases in the modulation of conditioned behavioral responses to prescriptive
physical stimuli
What is temperament?
*ego-syntonic = symptoms are acceptable to the ego
*they do not feel anxiety about their maladaptive behavior thus they are often disinterested
in treatment and resistant to recovery
What is meant by characterizing the traits of personality disorders as ego-syntonic?
- Features must have been present for at least 1 year
- Exception to this is antisocial personality disorder, which cannot be diagnosed in
individual under the age of 18
When is a personality disorder diagnosed in an individual under 18 years of age?
,-Schizoid personality disorder: Early childhood or adolescence.
-Antisocial personality disorder: Late adolescence.
-Borderline personality disorder: Before age 40
What is the usual age of onset for personality disorders?
-A quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes (ex.jumpy).
-Individuals who exhibit this are introverts, have low self esteem and tend to withdraw, and
who have schizotypal personality disorder.
What is "smooth pursuit" of eye movements? What types of individuals exhibit this?
-Diminished central serotonin plays a role in SI
-Low concentrations of 5-H1AA in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were associated
with suicidal behavior.
-Postmortem neurochemical studies have reported modest decreases in serotonin itself or
5-HIAA in either the brainstem or the frontal cortex of suicide victims.
-Low concentrations of 5-HIAA in CSF also predict future suicidal behavior
How does 5-H1AA relate to suicide?
Slow wave activity
What are the EEG changes seen in patients with antisocial and borderline personality disorder?
The unconscious mental processes that the ego uses to resolve conflicts among the lodestars
of the inner life: instinct (wish or need), reality, important persons, and conscience
What are defense mechanisms?
, Often labeled schizoid, those who are eccentric, isolate, seek solace & satisfaction within
themselves by creating imaginary lives or friends. Persons may seem aloof or unsociable
however these patients have a fear of intimacy
Define defense mechanism: Fantasy
Denial is a Pollyanna-like replacement of unpleasant effects with pleasant ones to avoid
emotional distress.
-Often labeled histrionic personalities and appear
emotionally shallow and dramatic.
-Example: Behave like anxious adolescents who carelessly expose themselves to exciting
dangers to erase anxiety.
Define defense mechanism: Dissociation
-Prevents harmful thoughts from becoming recurrent. -Isolation is characteristic of
controlled orderly persons often labeled obsessive-compulsive personalities.
-In crisis, these patients may show intensified self-restraint, overly formal seriousness and
obstinacy in order to maintain control.
Define defense mechanism: Isolation
-patients place their own unwanted feelings onto someone else.
-Patients' excessive fault finding and sensitivity to criticism may appear as prejudice,
suspiciousness or hypervigilant injustice collecting
Define defense mechanism: Projection
