BIO 322 GCU ACTUAL EXAM 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULL
SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD
◉ Antisense Oligonucleotide
Answer: a modified strand of RNA or DNA that binds with a specific
molecule of messenger RNA and prevents it from producing its
particular protein
Used in Cancer treatment
◉ Transcription factor modulation
Answer: Alters specific gene transcription levels
not cell specific
potential side effects
◉ Fluid in the body affects
Answer: workload of heart
vital signs
,formation of edema
Oxygenation
◉ Concentration of electrolytes
Answer: Influences electrical signals
Affects cardiovascular function
Is elevated through blood chemistry
◉ Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Answer: Water, proteins, electrolytes
◉ Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Answer: -outside cells,
-high Na+ & Cl-
◉ Intravascular component of ECF
Answer: whole blood
, ◉ Interstitial component of ECF
Answer: surrounds cells in tissues
◉ Transcellular component of ECF
Answer: Fluid in defined spaces
◉ Osmosis
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
Less concentrated to more concentrated
◉ Diffusion
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
◉ Active transport
Answer: requires ATP
move molecules too large to diffuse
◉ Colloid osmotic pressure
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULL
SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD
◉ Antisense Oligonucleotide
Answer: a modified strand of RNA or DNA that binds with a specific
molecule of messenger RNA and prevents it from producing its
particular protein
Used in Cancer treatment
◉ Transcription factor modulation
Answer: Alters specific gene transcription levels
not cell specific
potential side effects
◉ Fluid in the body affects
Answer: workload of heart
vital signs
,formation of edema
Oxygenation
◉ Concentration of electrolytes
Answer: Influences electrical signals
Affects cardiovascular function
Is elevated through blood chemistry
◉ Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Answer: Water, proteins, electrolytes
◉ Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Answer: -outside cells,
-high Na+ & Cl-
◉ Intravascular component of ECF
Answer: whole blood
, ◉ Interstitial component of ECF
Answer: surrounds cells in tissues
◉ Transcellular component of ECF
Answer: Fluid in defined spaces
◉ Osmosis
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
Less concentrated to more concentrated
◉ Diffusion
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
◉ Active transport
Answer: requires ATP
move molecules too large to diffuse
◉ Colloid osmotic pressure
