BASI PILATES STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
CONTENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
COMPLETE SET
◉ Circumduction
Answer: Combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
◉ Tilt
Answer: Anterior tilt, posterior tilt and lateral tilt (equates to lateral
flexion)
◉ Fibrous joint (structure of joints)
Answer: Immovable-Skull
◉ Cartilaginous joint (structure of joints)
Answer: Slightly movable-sacroiliac joint
◉ Synovial Joint (structure of joints)
Answer: Freely movable-hip joint
◉ Gliding joint (type of joint)
,Answer: The carpals of the wrist, acromioclavicular joint. These
joints allow only gliding or sliding movements. Clavicle/scapula.
◉ Spheroid Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Ball and socket joint (hip, shoulder). is a joint in which the
distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of
axes, which have one common center. It enables the bone to move in
a 360° angle
◉ Ginglymus Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Hinge joint (knee, elbow). In which the articular surfaces
are moulded to each other in such a manner as to permit motion
only in one plane—backward and forward—the extent of motion at
the same time being considerable.
◉ Trochoid Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Pivot Joint (atlas-axis). A pivot joint in biology is composed
of a bone and ligament ring rotating around another bone.
◉ Condyloid Joint (type of joint)
Answer: metacarpal-phalangeal/fingers. This permits movement in
two planes, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and
circumduction.
, ◉ Saddle Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Carpal-metacarpal/thumb
◉ Smooth Muscle
Answer: Form the walls of the hollow viscera, such as the stomach
and bladder, and of various systems of tubes like those found in the
circulatory system, the respiratory system and the reproductive
organs. Lack striations and the regulation of their contractions is
involuntary. Contraction of smooth muscle is slow, prolonged and
very resistant to fatigue. Exhibit greater extensibility than a skeletal
muscle. Very reponsive to chemical stimuli as well as neural stimuli.
◉ Cardiac Muscle
Answer: Found in the heart. It is involuntary and striated. They give
off branches and are connected in such a manner that they can
function as a single unit for contraction (functional syncytium).
Cardian muscle is very dependent on oxygen for its production of
energy.
◉ Striated Muscle (skeletal)
Answer: Composed of thread-like fibers displaying alternating dark
and light bands. The fibers are innervated by cranial or spinal nerves
and are under voluntary control. This type of muscle contains both
pain endings and proprioceptors. Two of its principle functions are
body movement and the maintenance of posture.
CONTENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
COMPLETE SET
◉ Circumduction
Answer: Combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
◉ Tilt
Answer: Anterior tilt, posterior tilt and lateral tilt (equates to lateral
flexion)
◉ Fibrous joint (structure of joints)
Answer: Immovable-Skull
◉ Cartilaginous joint (structure of joints)
Answer: Slightly movable-sacroiliac joint
◉ Synovial Joint (structure of joints)
Answer: Freely movable-hip joint
◉ Gliding joint (type of joint)
,Answer: The carpals of the wrist, acromioclavicular joint. These
joints allow only gliding or sliding movements. Clavicle/scapula.
◉ Spheroid Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Ball and socket joint (hip, shoulder). is a joint in which the
distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of
axes, which have one common center. It enables the bone to move in
a 360° angle
◉ Ginglymus Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Hinge joint (knee, elbow). In which the articular surfaces
are moulded to each other in such a manner as to permit motion
only in one plane—backward and forward—the extent of motion at
the same time being considerable.
◉ Trochoid Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Pivot Joint (atlas-axis). A pivot joint in biology is composed
of a bone and ligament ring rotating around another bone.
◉ Condyloid Joint (type of joint)
Answer: metacarpal-phalangeal/fingers. This permits movement in
two planes, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and
circumduction.
, ◉ Saddle Joint (type of joint)
Answer: Carpal-metacarpal/thumb
◉ Smooth Muscle
Answer: Form the walls of the hollow viscera, such as the stomach
and bladder, and of various systems of tubes like those found in the
circulatory system, the respiratory system and the reproductive
organs. Lack striations and the regulation of their contractions is
involuntary. Contraction of smooth muscle is slow, prolonged and
very resistant to fatigue. Exhibit greater extensibility than a skeletal
muscle. Very reponsive to chemical stimuli as well as neural stimuli.
◉ Cardiac Muscle
Answer: Found in the heart. It is involuntary and striated. They give
off branches and are connected in such a manner that they can
function as a single unit for contraction (functional syncytium).
Cardian muscle is very dependent on oxygen for its production of
energy.
◉ Striated Muscle (skeletal)
Answer: Composed of thread-like fibers displaying alternating dark
and light bands. The fibers are innervated by cranial or spinal nerves
and are under voluntary control. This type of muscle contains both
pain endings and proprioceptors. Two of its principle functions are
body movement and the maintenance of posture.
