BIOLOGY 101 EXAM 2 URI QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chemical energy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds
- food is a form
Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅plants capture energy from the sun and store it in chemical
bonds of sugars and other food molecules
cellular respiration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅plants, animals, and fungi release the energy stored in the
chemical bonds of food molecules and use it as fuel
- converts food molecules into ATP
energy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅all life depends upon capturing energy from the sun and converting it
into a form that living organism can use
2 types of energy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅kinetic
potential
Thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the study of the transformation of energy from one type to
another
First law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-energy can never be created of destroyed
- it can only change from one form to another
Endergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free
energy is positive, and energy is absorbed
Second law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Every conversion of energy includes the
transformation of some energy into heat
- Heat is almost completely useless to living organisms
, Exergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is
negative
Metabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a series of chemical reactions that either break down a
complex molecule or build up a complex molecule
Phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hydrolysois of ATP releases energy by transferring its third
phosphate from ATP to some other molecule
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-are protein catalysts, and typically catalyze only one reaction
- bring reactants together in precise orientations and stabilize transition states
Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction
Cofactors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are inorganic such as zinc, iron, or copper
coenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are organic molecules and are often vitamins
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a universal source of energy for living organisms
Histone proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that
package and order the DNA into structural units
Eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-is a cell lacking a true membrane bound nucleus.
-are found in about all plants and animals
Prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅They have no true nucleus as the DNA is not contained within
a membrane or separated from the rest of the cell
types of cell division - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅meiosis
Chemical energy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds
- food is a form
Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅plants capture energy from the sun and store it in chemical
bonds of sugars and other food molecules
cellular respiration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅plants, animals, and fungi release the energy stored in the
chemical bonds of food molecules and use it as fuel
- converts food molecules into ATP
energy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅all life depends upon capturing energy from the sun and converting it
into a form that living organism can use
2 types of energy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅kinetic
potential
Thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the study of the transformation of energy from one type to
another
First law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-energy can never be created of destroyed
- it can only change from one form to another
Endergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free
energy is positive, and energy is absorbed
Second law of thermodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Every conversion of energy includes the
transformation of some energy into heat
- Heat is almost completely useless to living organisms
, Exergonic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is
negative
Metabolic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a series of chemical reactions that either break down a
complex molecule or build up a complex molecule
Phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hydrolysois of ATP releases energy by transferring its third
phosphate from ATP to some other molecule
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-are protein catalysts, and typically catalyze only one reaction
- bring reactants together in precise orientations and stabilize transition states
Catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction
Cofactors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are inorganic such as zinc, iron, or copper
coenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are organic molecules and are often vitamins
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a universal source of energy for living organisms
Histone proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that
package and order the DNA into structural units
Eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-is a cell lacking a true membrane bound nucleus.
-are found in about all plants and animals
Prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅They have no true nucleus as the DNA is not contained within
a membrane or separated from the rest of the cell
types of cell division - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅meiosis
