BCOR 2205 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
what are the 4 V's of data? - Answers Velocity, veracity, volume, variety
Velocity - Answers the analysis of streaming data as it travels around the internet
veracity - Answers the uncertainty of data, including biases, noise, and abnormalities; the
untrustworthiness of data
volume - Answers the scale of data
variety - Answers different forms of structured and unstructured data
big data - Answers a collection of large, complex data sets, including structure & unstructured data,
which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools
data - Answers raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object (order date, amount
sold, customer #)
information - Answers data converted into a meaningful and useful context (best selling product, best
customer, worst selling product, etc.)
Business Intelligence - Answers information collected from multiple sources that analyzes patterns,
trends, and relationships for strategic decision making (best selling product by month compared to
sports seasons and city team wins & losses)
knowledge - Answers the skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence
that create a person's intellectual resources (choosing not to fire a sales rep who is underperforming,
knowing that person is experiencing family problems)
regression model - Answers a statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables
(predicting the winners of a marathon based on gender, hight, weight, hours of training)
optimization model - Answers a statistical process that finds the way to make a design, system, or
decision as effective as possible (choose a combination of projects to maximize overall earnings)
forecasting model - Answers predictions based on time-series information, allowing users to
manipulate the time series for forecasting activities
classification analysis - Answers assigns records to one of a predefined set of classes
estimation analysis - Answers determines values for an unknown continuous variable behavior or
estimated future value
affinity grouping analysis - Answers determines which things go together
clustering analysis - Answers segments a heterogenous population of records into a number of more
homogenous subgroups
data mining - Answers the process on analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw
data alone
data profiling - Answers the process of collecting statistics and information about data in an existing
source
descriptive analytics - Answers use techniques that describe past performance history
predictive analytics - Answers use techniques that extract information from data to predict future
trends and identify behavioral patterns
prescriptive analytics - Answers use techniques to create models indicating the best decision to make
or course of action to take
structured data - Answers stored in a traditional system such as a relational database or spreadsheet
unstructured data - Answers not defined and does not follow a specific format
internet of things (IoT) - Answers a world where interconnected internet-enabled devices or things
have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention
collaboration outside the organization - Answers Crowdsourcing and Crowdfunding
blog - Answers an online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video
wiki - Answers collaborative website that allows users to add, remove, and change content
(wikipedia)
mashup - Answers content from more than one source to create a new product or service (zilow)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Answers provides high speed digital data transmission over standard
telephone lines using broadband modem technology
bandwidth - Answers the maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit
of time
broadband - Answers A high-speed Internet connection that is always connected
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) - Answers a means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a
local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves
, packet - Answers a single unit of binary data routed through a network
worm - Answers a type of virus that spreads itself, not only from file to file, but also from computer
to computer
malware - Answers software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems
adware - Answers software that allows internet advertisers to display advertisements without the
consent of the computer user
spyware - Answers a special class of adware that collects data about the user and transmits it over
the internet without the user's knowledge or permission
ransomware - Answers a form of malicious software that infects your computer and asks for money
scareware - Answers a type of malware designed to trick victims into giving up personal information
to purchase or download useless and potentially dangerous software
downtime - Answers refers to a period of time when a system if unavailable
information secruity - Answers the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by
person inside or outside the organization
black-hat hacker - Answers breaks into other people's computer systems and may just look around or
may steal and destroy information
crackers - Answers have criminal intent when hacking
cyberterrorists - Answers seek to cause harm to people or to destroy critical systems or information
and use the internet as a weapon of mass destruction
Hactivists - Answers have philosophical and political reasons for breaking into systems and will often
deface the website as a protest
script kiddie - Answers find hacking code on the internet and click-and-point their way into systems
to cause damage or spread viruses
white-hat hacker - Answers work at the request of the system owners to find system vulnerabilities
and plug the holes
phishing - Answers type of fraud in which an attacker tricks the victims into providing person or
private information via email or instant message
pharming - Answers seeks to obtain personal or private information through domain spoofing or
redirecting the user to a different website
first line of defense - Answers people
second line of defense - Answers technology
biometrics - Answers the identification of a user based on a physical characteristic, such as a
fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or handwriting
content filtering - Answers prevents emails containing sensitive information from transmitting and
stops spam and viruses from spreading
encryption - Answers scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password
to decrypt
firewall (most common form of defense for preventing a security breach) - Answers
hardware/software that guards a private network by analyzing the information leaving and entering
the network
intrusion detection software - Answers features full-time monitoring tools that search for patterns in
network traffic to identify intruders
Data/Web Scraping - Answers The process of importing information from a website into a
spreadsheet or local file saved on a computer.
intellectual property - Answers intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form and
includes copyrights, trademarks, and patents
copyright - Answers the legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, book, or
video game
patent - Answers an exclusive right to make or sell an invention
pirated software - Answers the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution or sale of copyrighted
software
counterfeit software - Answers software that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as
such
click fraud - Answers the abuse of pay-per-click, pay-per-call, and pay-per-conversion revenue models
by repeatedly clicking a link to increase charges or costs for the advertiser
Fair Information Practices (FIP) - Answers a general term for a set of standards governing the
collection and use of personal data and addressing issues of privacy and accuracy
what are the 4 V's of data? - Answers Velocity, veracity, volume, variety
Velocity - Answers the analysis of streaming data as it travels around the internet
veracity - Answers the uncertainty of data, including biases, noise, and abnormalities; the
untrustworthiness of data
volume - Answers the scale of data
variety - Answers different forms of structured and unstructured data
big data - Answers a collection of large, complex data sets, including structure & unstructured data,
which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools
data - Answers raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object (order date, amount
sold, customer #)
information - Answers data converted into a meaningful and useful context (best selling product, best
customer, worst selling product, etc.)
Business Intelligence - Answers information collected from multiple sources that analyzes patterns,
trends, and relationships for strategic decision making (best selling product by month compared to
sports seasons and city team wins & losses)
knowledge - Answers the skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence
that create a person's intellectual resources (choosing not to fire a sales rep who is underperforming,
knowing that person is experiencing family problems)
regression model - Answers a statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables
(predicting the winners of a marathon based on gender, hight, weight, hours of training)
optimization model - Answers a statistical process that finds the way to make a design, system, or
decision as effective as possible (choose a combination of projects to maximize overall earnings)
forecasting model - Answers predictions based on time-series information, allowing users to
manipulate the time series for forecasting activities
classification analysis - Answers assigns records to one of a predefined set of classes
estimation analysis - Answers determines values for an unknown continuous variable behavior or
estimated future value
affinity grouping analysis - Answers determines which things go together
clustering analysis - Answers segments a heterogenous population of records into a number of more
homogenous subgroups
data mining - Answers the process on analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw
data alone
data profiling - Answers the process of collecting statistics and information about data in an existing
source
descriptive analytics - Answers use techniques that describe past performance history
predictive analytics - Answers use techniques that extract information from data to predict future
trends and identify behavioral patterns
prescriptive analytics - Answers use techniques to create models indicating the best decision to make
or course of action to take
structured data - Answers stored in a traditional system such as a relational database or spreadsheet
unstructured data - Answers not defined and does not follow a specific format
internet of things (IoT) - Answers a world where interconnected internet-enabled devices or things
have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention
collaboration outside the organization - Answers Crowdsourcing and Crowdfunding
blog - Answers an online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video
wiki - Answers collaborative website that allows users to add, remove, and change content
(wikipedia)
mashup - Answers content from more than one source to create a new product or service (zilow)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Answers provides high speed digital data transmission over standard
telephone lines using broadband modem technology
bandwidth - Answers the maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit
of time
broadband - Answers A high-speed Internet connection that is always connected
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) - Answers a means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a
local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves
, packet - Answers a single unit of binary data routed through a network
worm - Answers a type of virus that spreads itself, not only from file to file, but also from computer
to computer
malware - Answers software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems
adware - Answers software that allows internet advertisers to display advertisements without the
consent of the computer user
spyware - Answers a special class of adware that collects data about the user and transmits it over
the internet without the user's knowledge or permission
ransomware - Answers a form of malicious software that infects your computer and asks for money
scareware - Answers a type of malware designed to trick victims into giving up personal information
to purchase or download useless and potentially dangerous software
downtime - Answers refers to a period of time when a system if unavailable
information secruity - Answers the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by
person inside or outside the organization
black-hat hacker - Answers breaks into other people's computer systems and may just look around or
may steal and destroy information
crackers - Answers have criminal intent when hacking
cyberterrorists - Answers seek to cause harm to people or to destroy critical systems or information
and use the internet as a weapon of mass destruction
Hactivists - Answers have philosophical and political reasons for breaking into systems and will often
deface the website as a protest
script kiddie - Answers find hacking code on the internet and click-and-point their way into systems
to cause damage or spread viruses
white-hat hacker - Answers work at the request of the system owners to find system vulnerabilities
and plug the holes
phishing - Answers type of fraud in which an attacker tricks the victims into providing person or
private information via email or instant message
pharming - Answers seeks to obtain personal or private information through domain spoofing or
redirecting the user to a different website
first line of defense - Answers people
second line of defense - Answers technology
biometrics - Answers the identification of a user based on a physical characteristic, such as a
fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or handwriting
content filtering - Answers prevents emails containing sensitive information from transmitting and
stops spam and viruses from spreading
encryption - Answers scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password
to decrypt
firewall (most common form of defense for preventing a security breach) - Answers
hardware/software that guards a private network by analyzing the information leaving and entering
the network
intrusion detection software - Answers features full-time monitoring tools that search for patterns in
network traffic to identify intruders
Data/Web Scraping - Answers The process of importing information from a website into a
spreadsheet or local file saved on a computer.
intellectual property - Answers intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form and
includes copyrights, trademarks, and patents
copyright - Answers the legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, book, or
video game
patent - Answers an exclusive right to make or sell an invention
pirated software - Answers the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution or sale of copyrighted
software
counterfeit software - Answers software that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as
such
click fraud - Answers the abuse of pay-per-click, pay-per-call, and pay-per-conversion revenue models
by repeatedly clicking a link to increase charges or costs for the advertiser
Fair Information Practices (FIP) - Answers a general term for a set of standards governing the
collection and use of personal data and addressing issues of privacy and accuracy
