COG200 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔Which of the following will increase a Turing Machine's computational power?
a. Give it multiple tapes.
b. Give it multiple read/write heads.
c. Give it probabilistic transition rules.
d. Give it more symbols to work with.
e. None of the above. - ✔✔e. None of the above.
✔✔Who is Ada Lovelace? - ✔✔The first 'Computer Programmer'
✔✔Who is Claude Shannon? - ✔✔Developed Digital Circuit Design Theory.
*Michigan Undergrad 1936 ;)
✔✔The same algorithm can be run on a number of different physical systems. This
reflects which of the following?
a. Input-Output Equivalence.
b. Turing Equivalence.
c. The Church-Turing Thesis.
d. Multiple Realizability. - ✔✔d. Multiple Realizability
✔✔What is deontological rationality? - ✔✔Following the right rules (of logic, probability,
decision theory)
✔✔What is consequentialist rationality? - ✔✔Maximizing "good" outcomes.
✔✔What is the Representativeness Heuristic? - ✔✔A heuristic in which judgments of
probability are made on the basis assessments of similarity.
✔✔What is the Availability Heuristic? - ✔✔Judgments are made based on the ease of
which examples come to mind.
✔✔What is the Affect Heuristic? - ✔✔Judgments based on quick affective "gut"
reactions.
✔✔What is the Framing Effect? - ✔✔The way a situation is framed impacts the
judgment made. i.e. 5% chance of injury vs 95% safe. Most people would choose 95%
safe, although it is the same as 5% chance of injury.
✔✔What is System 1? - ✔✔Intuition. Fast, automatic, effortless.
, ✔✔What is System 2? - ✔✔Reasoning. Slow, controlled, effortful.
✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
Patients with medial prefrontal cortex damage lack affective "gut" reactions, hence
making irrational decisions. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔Three Approaches to Rationality: - ✔✔1. The Heuristics and Biases: People employ
error-prone heuristics instead of reasoning with probability or expected utility.
2. Evolutionary Psychology: These errors are often erased when problems are put in
"evolutionarily appropriate" formats.
3. Neuroeconomics: Sophisticated neural algorithms that enable people to automatically
track probability and expected utility.
✔✔Which one of these says that to be rational, you must follow canonical rules such as
the rules of logic and probability theory?
a. Aristotelian
b. Consequentialist
c. Deontological
d. Evolutionary - ✔✔c. Deontological
✔✔In the representative heuristic, judgments of probability are made on the basis of
which of the following?
a. Similarity to a prototype.
b. Ease of recalling instances.
c. Random Guesses
d. Quick Affective Reactions - ✔✔a. Similarity to a prototype
✔✔Expected Utility takes into account the _________ of given item. - ✔✔Subjective
Value
✔✔What would Glimcher and Rusticini say about the following statement:
Models of choice are drawn from economics, such as the Expected Utility Model, can
advance our understanding of brain mechanisms of choice.
a. They would agree, saying there is mounting evidence that it is in fact true.
ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔Which of the following will increase a Turing Machine's computational power?
a. Give it multiple tapes.
b. Give it multiple read/write heads.
c. Give it probabilistic transition rules.
d. Give it more symbols to work with.
e. None of the above. - ✔✔e. None of the above.
✔✔Who is Ada Lovelace? - ✔✔The first 'Computer Programmer'
✔✔Who is Claude Shannon? - ✔✔Developed Digital Circuit Design Theory.
*Michigan Undergrad 1936 ;)
✔✔The same algorithm can be run on a number of different physical systems. This
reflects which of the following?
a. Input-Output Equivalence.
b. Turing Equivalence.
c. The Church-Turing Thesis.
d. Multiple Realizability. - ✔✔d. Multiple Realizability
✔✔What is deontological rationality? - ✔✔Following the right rules (of logic, probability,
decision theory)
✔✔What is consequentialist rationality? - ✔✔Maximizing "good" outcomes.
✔✔What is the Representativeness Heuristic? - ✔✔A heuristic in which judgments of
probability are made on the basis assessments of similarity.
✔✔What is the Availability Heuristic? - ✔✔Judgments are made based on the ease of
which examples come to mind.
✔✔What is the Affect Heuristic? - ✔✔Judgments based on quick affective "gut"
reactions.
✔✔What is the Framing Effect? - ✔✔The way a situation is framed impacts the
judgment made. i.e. 5% chance of injury vs 95% safe. Most people would choose 95%
safe, although it is the same as 5% chance of injury.
✔✔What is System 1? - ✔✔Intuition. Fast, automatic, effortless.
, ✔✔What is System 2? - ✔✔Reasoning. Slow, controlled, effortful.
✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
Patients with medial prefrontal cortex damage lack affective "gut" reactions, hence
making irrational decisions. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔Three Approaches to Rationality: - ✔✔1. The Heuristics and Biases: People employ
error-prone heuristics instead of reasoning with probability or expected utility.
2. Evolutionary Psychology: These errors are often erased when problems are put in
"evolutionarily appropriate" formats.
3. Neuroeconomics: Sophisticated neural algorithms that enable people to automatically
track probability and expected utility.
✔✔Which one of these says that to be rational, you must follow canonical rules such as
the rules of logic and probability theory?
a. Aristotelian
b. Consequentialist
c. Deontological
d. Evolutionary - ✔✔c. Deontological
✔✔In the representative heuristic, judgments of probability are made on the basis of
which of the following?
a. Similarity to a prototype.
b. Ease of recalling instances.
c. Random Guesses
d. Quick Affective Reactions - ✔✔a. Similarity to a prototype
✔✔Expected Utility takes into account the _________ of given item. - ✔✔Subjective
Value
✔✔What would Glimcher and Rusticini say about the following statement:
Models of choice are drawn from economics, such as the Expected Utility Model, can
advance our understanding of brain mechanisms of choice.
a. They would agree, saying there is mounting evidence that it is in fact true.
