RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CORE EXAMS 2026 MAIN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔primary endocrine disorder - ✔✔dysfunction caused by the endocrine gland itself
✔✔secondary endocrine disorder - ✔✔disease is indicative of a problem with the
pituitary gland
✔✔Functions of the kidney - ✔✔1. excrete nitrogenous waste
2. regulate blood volume
3. regulate electrolyte content
4. helps regulate acid-base balance in blood
5. produce renin which regulates blood pressure
6. produces erythropoietin which regulates rbc production
✔✔acute renal colic - ✔✔severe flank pain
radiation to groin
vomiting and urinary symptoms
blood in the urine from kidney stones
✔✔anterior pituitary gland - ✔✔AKA the adenohypophysis, the anterior pituitary is made
of glandular tissue. It makes and secretes six different hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH,
TSH, prolactin, and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled by releasing
and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus
✔✔vagal nerve stimulation - ✔✔Treatment for depression that places a small implant
that sends electrical signals to the vagus nerve
✔✔what types of people are at risk for chronic renal failure? - ✔✔
✔✔What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency? - ✔✔loss of tubule
function
✔✔hirsutism - ✔✔excessive hair growth
✔✔enuresis - ✔✔involuntary urniation
✔✔stress urinary incontinence - ✔✔involuntary discharge of urine during coughing,
straining, or sudden movements
✔✔normal micturition - ✔✔pee
✔✔overflow incontinence - ✔✔involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention
and overflow of the bladder
, ✔✔Marfan Syndrome - ✔✔affects connective tissue; tall and thin with long arms, legs,
fingers, and toes
✔✔diabetes insipidus - ✔✔antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the
kidney is resistant to its effect
-dilute urine, hypernatremia, polyuria, nocturia
✔✔What are some different things that will trigger high blood sugar? - ✔✔pain ->stress-
> increased blood sugar, diet
✔✔polycystic kidney - ✔✔clusters of cysts develop in kidneys cause enlarged kidney
and lose functions over time.
✔✔horseshoe kidney - ✔✔the two kidneys are joined together across the mid line of the
body at the lower ends
✔✔hypoplasia - ✔✔underdevelopment or incomplete development of tissue or organ
✔✔H.pylori - ✔✔causes chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. peptic ulcer disease
✔✔oral candidiasis - ✔✔a white deposit on the tongue which is EASILY scraped away,
usually seen in immunocompromised patients
✔✔How do kidney tubules maintain normal ph in body fluids when a person has a
fever? - ✔✔secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions
✔✔How to treat C. diff without medicine? - ✔✔fecal transplant
✔✔How does SIADH cause hyponatremia? - ✔✔If water intake exceeds the reduced
urine output, the ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia
✔✔What increases glomerular filtration in the body? - ✔✔increased blood volume and
increased blood pressure
✔✔What causes Cushing's syndrome? - ✔✔medication or tumors
✔✔Pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔swelling or inflammation of large intestine due to C.
diff, causes diarrhea after antibacterial use
✔✔feedback loop of parathyroid - ✔✔PTH increases calcium in blood, calcitonin
decreases blood calcium if it is too high
✔✔acute renal colic - ✔✔pain from obstructed ureter by kidney stone
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔primary endocrine disorder - ✔✔dysfunction caused by the endocrine gland itself
✔✔secondary endocrine disorder - ✔✔disease is indicative of a problem with the
pituitary gland
✔✔Functions of the kidney - ✔✔1. excrete nitrogenous waste
2. regulate blood volume
3. regulate electrolyte content
4. helps regulate acid-base balance in blood
5. produce renin which regulates blood pressure
6. produces erythropoietin which regulates rbc production
✔✔acute renal colic - ✔✔severe flank pain
radiation to groin
vomiting and urinary symptoms
blood in the urine from kidney stones
✔✔anterior pituitary gland - ✔✔AKA the adenohypophysis, the anterior pituitary is made
of glandular tissue. It makes and secretes six different hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH,
TSH, prolactin, and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled by releasing
and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus
✔✔vagal nerve stimulation - ✔✔Treatment for depression that places a small implant
that sends electrical signals to the vagus nerve
✔✔what types of people are at risk for chronic renal failure? - ✔✔
✔✔What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency? - ✔✔loss of tubule
function
✔✔hirsutism - ✔✔excessive hair growth
✔✔enuresis - ✔✔involuntary urniation
✔✔stress urinary incontinence - ✔✔involuntary discharge of urine during coughing,
straining, or sudden movements
✔✔normal micturition - ✔✔pee
✔✔overflow incontinence - ✔✔involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention
and overflow of the bladder
, ✔✔Marfan Syndrome - ✔✔affects connective tissue; tall and thin with long arms, legs,
fingers, and toes
✔✔diabetes insipidus - ✔✔antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the
kidney is resistant to its effect
-dilute urine, hypernatremia, polyuria, nocturia
✔✔What are some different things that will trigger high blood sugar? - ✔✔pain ->stress-
> increased blood sugar, diet
✔✔polycystic kidney - ✔✔clusters of cysts develop in kidneys cause enlarged kidney
and lose functions over time.
✔✔horseshoe kidney - ✔✔the two kidneys are joined together across the mid line of the
body at the lower ends
✔✔hypoplasia - ✔✔underdevelopment or incomplete development of tissue or organ
✔✔H.pylori - ✔✔causes chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. peptic ulcer disease
✔✔oral candidiasis - ✔✔a white deposit on the tongue which is EASILY scraped away,
usually seen in immunocompromised patients
✔✔How do kidney tubules maintain normal ph in body fluids when a person has a
fever? - ✔✔secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions
✔✔How to treat C. diff without medicine? - ✔✔fecal transplant
✔✔How does SIADH cause hyponatremia? - ✔✔If water intake exceeds the reduced
urine output, the ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia
✔✔What increases glomerular filtration in the body? - ✔✔increased blood volume and
increased blood pressure
✔✔What causes Cushing's syndrome? - ✔✔medication or tumors
✔✔Pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔swelling or inflammation of large intestine due to C.
diff, causes diarrhea after antibacterial use
✔✔feedback loop of parathyroid - ✔✔PTH increases calcium in blood, calcitonin
decreases blood calcium if it is too high
✔✔acute renal colic - ✔✔pain from obstructed ureter by kidney stone
