AP EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Monocytes Become macrophages or dendritic cells when they exit blood vessels into tissue.
Lymphocytes Three types of lymphocytes: 1. T-lymphocytes 2. B-lymphocytes 3. NK (natural
killer) cells
cytokines small proteins that regulate immune activity
, Granular cells Modified smooth muscle cells of afferent arteriole that sense a decrease in blood
pressure and trigger release of renin.
Macula densa Modified epithelial cells in wall of DCT that detect changes in NaCl concentration
of fluid in lumen of DCT.
Function of granular cells and macula densa Both cells help regulate sodium balance and blood pressure.
Juxtaglomular Apparatys regulates filtrate formation and systemic BP,
- region of physical contact between Afferrent Arteriole and DCT
Leukocytes Five types of leukocyte divided into two classes.
Granulocytes Have visible granules seen with light microscope.
Types of Granulocytes Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
Agranulocytes Have smaller granules that are not visible with light microscope.
Second Line of Defense Activities of neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and NK cells,
chemicals such as interferon and complement, physiological processes such as
inflammation and fever.
First Line of Defense Skin and mucosal membrane.
Key Characteristics of Immune Defense 1. Prevents entry of potentially harmful substances. 2. Responds nonspecifically to
a range of harmful substances. 3. Provides a quick, general defense.
Phagocytic cells Neutrophils, macrophages that engulf unwanted substances by phagocytosis -
nonspecific innate
Proinflammatory chemical-secreting cells Basophils that promote inflammation -nonspecific innate
Apoptosis-initiating cells NK (natural killer) cells that destroy healthy/unwanted cells -nonspecific innate
Eosinophils Cells that attack multicellular parasites - nonspecific innate
phagolysosome neutrophils and macrophages 's intake vesicles fusing w lysosome
chemotaxis chemical attract immune cells
histamine increases vasodilation and capillary permeability
heparin acts as anticoagulant
Eicosanoids released from plasma membrane also increase inflammation
Monocytes Become macrophages or dendritic cells when they exit blood vessels into tissue.
Lymphocytes Three types of lymphocytes: 1. T-lymphocytes 2. B-lymphocytes 3. NK (natural
killer) cells
cytokines small proteins that regulate immune activity
, Granular cells Modified smooth muscle cells of afferent arteriole that sense a decrease in blood
pressure and trigger release of renin.
Macula densa Modified epithelial cells in wall of DCT that detect changes in NaCl concentration
of fluid in lumen of DCT.
Function of granular cells and macula densa Both cells help regulate sodium balance and blood pressure.
Juxtaglomular Apparatys regulates filtrate formation and systemic BP,
- region of physical contact between Afferrent Arteriole and DCT
Leukocytes Five types of leukocyte divided into two classes.
Granulocytes Have visible granules seen with light microscope.
Types of Granulocytes Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
Agranulocytes Have smaller granules that are not visible with light microscope.
Second Line of Defense Activities of neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and NK cells,
chemicals such as interferon and complement, physiological processes such as
inflammation and fever.
First Line of Defense Skin and mucosal membrane.
Key Characteristics of Immune Defense 1. Prevents entry of potentially harmful substances. 2. Responds nonspecifically to
a range of harmful substances. 3. Provides a quick, general defense.
Phagocytic cells Neutrophils, macrophages that engulf unwanted substances by phagocytosis -
nonspecific innate
Proinflammatory chemical-secreting cells Basophils that promote inflammation -nonspecific innate
Apoptosis-initiating cells NK (natural killer) cells that destroy healthy/unwanted cells -nonspecific innate
Eosinophils Cells that attack multicellular parasites - nonspecific innate
phagolysosome neutrophils and macrophages 's intake vesicles fusing w lysosome
chemotaxis chemical attract immune cells
histamine increases vasodilation and capillary permeability
heparin acts as anticoagulant
Eicosanoids released from plasma membrane also increase inflammation
