Exam 2 NR 545 Questions With Solutions
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho
Answer: Patho Chest pain associated with decreased blood flow or ischemia to the myocardial tissue.
2. Chest pain PA
Answer: Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
3. Chest pain Pharm
Answer: Pharm Nitroglycerin- relaxes and widens blood vessels
Dosing 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
,4. Chest pain risks
Answer: Risks and complications: Acute Coronary Syndrome
5. Myocardial Infarction
Answer: blood flow to the heart is minimized. Buildup of
cholesterol
6. MI Patho
Answer: imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue death.
7. MI PA
Answer: Pain at
rest Not relieved with
nitro Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
8. MI Dx
Answer: Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
,9. Atherosclerosis
Answer: when blood vessels that carry oxygen to organs and tissues is restricted. Hardening
of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break ott and burst, triggering a blood clot.
10. Atherosclerosis patho
Answer: inflammatory process that begins with damage to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking,
high cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
11. Atherosclerosis PA
Answer: modifiable risk factors Fluid
retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
12. Atherosclerosis Dx
Answer: Dx Stress tests Chest Xray
, EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
13. Atherosclerosis Pharm
Answer: Pharm Antiplatelets (Aspirin) Statins- reduce
inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and pressure on heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
14. Heart Failure
Answer: complex clinical syndrome that results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular
or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, edema, and rales.
15. Heart Failure PA
Answer: Pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, liver failure, renal disease, anemia.
Dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), nocturnal angina, Cheyne-Stokes respirations
(ask families or caretaker)
Fatigue, lethargy, decreased functional capacityPatient takes medications as directed, observing, and adhering to
dietary requirements.
Alcohol or tobacco use
History of rheumatic heart disease or Chaga's disease
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho
Answer: Patho Chest pain associated with decreased blood flow or ischemia to the myocardial tissue.
2. Chest pain PA
Answer: Physical Assessment: chest heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
3. Chest pain Pharm
Answer: Pharm Nitroglycerin- relaxes and widens blood vessels
Dosing 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-Blockers
,4. Chest pain risks
Answer: Risks and complications: Acute Coronary Syndrome
5. Myocardial Infarction
Answer: blood flow to the heart is minimized. Buildup of
cholesterol
6. MI Patho
Answer: imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac tissue death.
7. MI PA
Answer: Pain at
rest Not relieved with
nitro Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
8. MI Dx
Answer: Troponins elevated, often stay elevated for one week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
,9. Atherosclerosis
Answer: when blood vessels that carry oxygen to organs and tissues is restricted. Hardening
of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break ott and burst, triggering a blood clot.
10. Atherosclerosis patho
Answer: inflammatory process that begins with damage to the endothelium often result of HTN, smoking,
high cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
11. Atherosclerosis PA
Answer: modifiable risk factors Fluid
retention
Fatigue
Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
12. Atherosclerosis Dx
Answer: Dx Stress tests Chest Xray
, EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
13. Atherosclerosis Pharm
Answer: Pharm Antiplatelets (Aspirin) Statins- reduce
inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and pressure on heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
14. Heart Failure
Answer: complex clinical syndrome that results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular
or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, edema, and rales.
15. Heart Failure PA
Answer: Pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, liver failure, renal disease, anemia.
Dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), nocturnal angina, Cheyne-Stokes respirations
(ask families or caretaker)
Fatigue, lethargy, decreased functional capacityPatient takes medications as directed, observing, and adhering to
dietary requirements.
Alcohol or tobacco use
History of rheumatic heart disease or Chaga's disease
