FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING THEORY
CONCEPTS 2026 PRACTICE SET MOCK EXAM
REVISION NOTES AND SOLUTIONS EXPERT
GRADE A+
◉ Clara Barton. Answer: established red cross; volunteered to care
for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as
supervisor of nurses for the army of James
◉ sources of knowledge. Answer: -traditional ( passed down from
generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on
person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
◉ objective. Answer: you can see the object
◉ subjective. Answer: coming from that subject
◉ types of knowledge. Answer: -science (observing, identifying,
describing, investigating, and explaining events and occurences that
are perceived in world)
,-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring
about a desired result)
◉ goals of nursing research. Answer: -improve care in clinical
setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning. Answer: examines a general idea and then
considers specific actions or ideas
◉ inductive reasoning. Answer: one builds from specific ideas or
actions to conclusions about general ideas
◉ health. Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness. Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an
abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
, ◉ wellness. Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a
lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory. Answer: differentiates nursing from other
disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing,
explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing
care practices
◉ evidence-based practice (EBP). Answer: a problem-solving
approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes
are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use
guidelines established for the care of patients
◉ steps in implementing EBP. Answer: Step 1: ask a question about a
clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
◉ human dimensions that compose the whole person. Answer:
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and
emotional
CONCEPTS 2026 PRACTICE SET MOCK EXAM
REVISION NOTES AND SOLUTIONS EXPERT
GRADE A+
◉ Clara Barton. Answer: established red cross; volunteered to care
for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as
supervisor of nurses for the army of James
◉ sources of knowledge. Answer: -traditional ( passed down from
generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on
person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
◉ objective. Answer: you can see the object
◉ subjective. Answer: coming from that subject
◉ types of knowledge. Answer: -science (observing, identifying,
describing, investigating, and explaining events and occurences that
are perceived in world)
,-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring
about a desired result)
◉ goals of nursing research. Answer: -improve care in clinical
setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning. Answer: examines a general idea and then
considers specific actions or ideas
◉ inductive reasoning. Answer: one builds from specific ideas or
actions to conclusions about general ideas
◉ health. Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness. Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an
abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
, ◉ wellness. Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a
lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory. Answer: differentiates nursing from other
disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing,
explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing
care practices
◉ evidence-based practice (EBP). Answer: a problem-solving
approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes
are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use
guidelines established for the care of patients
◉ steps in implementing EBP. Answer: Step 1: ask a question about a
clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
◉ human dimensions that compose the whole person. Answer:
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and
emotional
