NUR 242 EXAM 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2026/2027 GRADED A+ .
,1. Causes of fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Excessive fluid replacement
• Kidney failure (late phase)
• Heart failure
• Long term corticosteroid therapy
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
• Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
• Water intoxication
2. s/s fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •CV ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER tachycardia, bounding pulse, HTN, decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight gain
• Resp ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
• Skin ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
• Neuromuscular ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle weakness, paresthesia
• GI ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER increase motility, enlarge liver
3. Assessment for fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Assess risk r/t age and diagnosis, history (overhydration, CHF, kidney disease)
• Assess vital signs why ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias, tachypnea
• Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
• Assess lab values ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER electrolytes imbalance and signs and symptoms
• Focus Assessment ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum area for edema
• Assess perfusion ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER edema may impair perfusion to extremities, assess peripheral and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color, temp, sensory and
motor function
• Observe for urine output
4. Lab values fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Serum osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg)
• Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical finding
• CBC
• Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
• BUN
• decreased BUN
, • Electrolytes
• Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
• Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
5. fluid overload interventions/goal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Goal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER reduce excess body fluids, promote desired
elimination
• Manage underlying causeRestrict dietary sodium intake
• Monitor I/O
• Administer diuretic
• Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
• Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
6. Fluid overload complications ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Isotonic overhydration
• HF and pulmonary edema
• Seizure
• Coma
7. Fluid overload medications ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
Furosemide Mannitol
8. S/S of dehydration ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Vital signs ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse, hypotension, decrease CVP
• Neuromusculoskeletal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue
• GI ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
• Renal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Oliguria
• Other signs ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flat neck vein
9. Dehydration assessment ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Assess for condition leading to dehydration ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER diarrhea, poor intake,
vigor-ous exercise, vomiting, polyuria, fluid losses (burns, trauma) clients with drains/NG tube, burns/fluid shifts, overuse of diuretic
10. Dehydration labs ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Serum electrolytes (hypernatremia)
• Increased serum osmolality normal 275- 295 mOsm/kg; elevated > 295 found in dehydration; > 320 is critical finding
• CBC elevated H/H
• Elevated urine specific gravity > 1.030
AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2026/2027 GRADED A+ .
,1. Causes of fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Excessive fluid replacement
• Kidney failure (late phase)
• Heart failure
• Long term corticosteroid therapy
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
• Psychiatric disorders with polydipsia
• Water intoxication
2. s/s fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •CV ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER tachycardia, bounding pulse, HTN, decrease pulse pressure, JVD, weight gain
• Resp ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER increase and shallow resp; SOB, crackles lung sounds
• Skin ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER pitting edema, skin pale and cool to touch
• Neuromuscular ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER LOC, HA, visual disturbance, muscle weakness, paresthesia
• GI ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER increase motility, enlarge liver
3. Assessment for fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Assess risk r/t age and diagnosis, history (overhydration, CHF, kidney disease)
• Assess vital signs why ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER watch for bounding tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias, tachypnea
• Assess lung sounds (crackles) , weight, LOC, Observe JVD
• Assess lab values ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER electrolytes imbalance and signs and symptoms
• Focus Assessment ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER skin/extremities/ abdomen and sacrum area for edema
• Assess perfusion ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER edema may impair perfusion to extremities, assess peripheral and central pulses, capillary refill, skin color, temp, sensory and
motor function
• Observe for urine output
4. Lab values fluid overload ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Serum osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg)
• Decrease found in overhydration <275; and < 265 is critical finding
• CBC
• Decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit
• BUN
• decreased BUN
, • Electrolytes
• Decreased sodium (shifts due to dilution)
• Urine specific gravity Decrease < 1.005
5. fluid overload interventions/goal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Goal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER reduce excess body fluids, promote desired
elimination
• Manage underlying causeRestrict dietary sodium intake
• Monitor I/O
• Administer diuretic
• Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
• Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
6. Fluid overload complications ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Isotonic overhydration
• HF and pulmonary edema
• Seizure
• Coma
7. Fluid overload medications ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER
Furosemide Mannitol
8. S/S of dehydration ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Vital signs ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse, hypotension, decrease CVP
• Neuromusculoskeletal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue
• GI ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
• Renal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Oliguria
• Other signs ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flat neck vein
9. Dehydration assessment ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Assess for condition leading to dehydration ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER diarrhea, poor intake,
vigor-ous exercise, vomiting, polyuria, fluid losses (burns, trauma) clients with drains/NG tube, burns/fluid shifts, overuse of diuretic
10. Dehydration labs ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER •Serum electrolytes (hypernatremia)
• Increased serum osmolality normal 275- 295 mOsm/kg; elevated > 295 found in dehydration; > 320 is critical finding
• CBC elevated H/H
• Elevated urine specific gravity > 1.030
