FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING 2026
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ factors affecting respiration: exercise. Answer: increases
rate/depth so that the body can meet the oxygen demand and get rid
of carbon dioxide
◉ factors affecting respiration: anxiety. Answer: increases RR and
depth as result of sympathetic stimulation
◉ factors affecting respiration: smoking. Answer: changes
pulmonary airways
increase RR at rest when not smoking
◉ factors affecting respiration: body position. Answer:
straight/erect: full chest expansion
stooped/slumped: impaired
lying flat: prevent full chest expansion
◉ factors affecting respiration: medication. Answer: opioid,
anesthetics and sedatives decrease RR and depth
,amphetamines and cocaine increase RR and depth
bronchodilators slow rate by causing dilation
◉ factors affecting respiration: neurological injury. Answer: injury to
brain stem impairs respiratory center and inhibits RR and rhythm
◉ factors affecting respiration: hemoglobin function. Answer:
decrease hemoglobin (anemia) --> decreases oxygen carrying
capacity--> increase RR
◉ high oxygen levels are _____ for a patient with COPD. Answer:
FATAL
do NOT over oxygenate
◉ what is a normal SPO2 range. Answer: > 95%
◉ what is a normal SPO2 range fro patients with COPD. Answer:
88%-92%
◉ normal BP range. Answer: Systolic: <120 mmHg
Diastolic: <80 mmHg
◉ Normal pulse pressure. Answer: 30-50 mmHg
, ◉ what are the factors affecting BP. Answer: age
stress
ethnicity and genetics
gender
daily variation
medications
activity and weight
smoking
◉ factors affecting BP: age. Answer: BP increases throughout life
(larger children will have higher BP than smaller children)
◉ factors affecting BP: stress. Answer: increase HR --> increase CO--
> increase vcasucalr resistance--> which increase BP
◉ factors affecting BP: ethnicity and genetics. Answer: increase BP
in African Americans
◉ factors affecting BP: gender. Answer: after puberty makes then to
have higher BP
menopausal women then o have higher BP
OVERALL no significant differenced in BP
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ factors affecting respiration: exercise. Answer: increases
rate/depth so that the body can meet the oxygen demand and get rid
of carbon dioxide
◉ factors affecting respiration: anxiety. Answer: increases RR and
depth as result of sympathetic stimulation
◉ factors affecting respiration: smoking. Answer: changes
pulmonary airways
increase RR at rest when not smoking
◉ factors affecting respiration: body position. Answer:
straight/erect: full chest expansion
stooped/slumped: impaired
lying flat: prevent full chest expansion
◉ factors affecting respiration: medication. Answer: opioid,
anesthetics and sedatives decrease RR and depth
,amphetamines and cocaine increase RR and depth
bronchodilators slow rate by causing dilation
◉ factors affecting respiration: neurological injury. Answer: injury to
brain stem impairs respiratory center and inhibits RR and rhythm
◉ factors affecting respiration: hemoglobin function. Answer:
decrease hemoglobin (anemia) --> decreases oxygen carrying
capacity--> increase RR
◉ high oxygen levels are _____ for a patient with COPD. Answer:
FATAL
do NOT over oxygenate
◉ what is a normal SPO2 range. Answer: > 95%
◉ what is a normal SPO2 range fro patients with COPD. Answer:
88%-92%
◉ normal BP range. Answer: Systolic: <120 mmHg
Diastolic: <80 mmHg
◉ Normal pulse pressure. Answer: 30-50 mmHg
, ◉ what are the factors affecting BP. Answer: age
stress
ethnicity and genetics
gender
daily variation
medications
activity and weight
smoking
◉ factors affecting BP: age. Answer: BP increases throughout life
(larger children will have higher BP than smaller children)
◉ factors affecting BP: stress. Answer: increase HR --> increase CO--
> increase vcasucalr resistance--> which increase BP
◉ factors affecting BP: ethnicity and genetics. Answer: increase BP
in African Americans
◉ factors affecting BP: gender. Answer: after puberty makes then to
have higher BP
menopausal women then o have higher BP
OVERALL no significant differenced in BP
