BSC2085 EXAM 4 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Spinal reflexes function separately from the brain
rapid, automatic nerve responses
can involve one or more spinal segment
, Cervical enlargement Shoulder girdle & arms
lumber englargement Around T11
Nerves of pelvis and lower limbs
Conus medullaris Thin, conical spinal cord below lumbar enlargement
Filum terminale Thin thread of fibrous tissue at end of conus medullaris
Attaches to coccygeal ligament
provides longitudinal support to spinal cord
Cauda equina inludes ventral and dorsal roots below conus medullaris & filum terminale
Ventral root Contains axons of motor neurons (somatic and visceral effectors)
Dorsal root Contains axons of sensory neurons (somatic and visceral)
spinal nerve formed on each side of the spine by the dorsal and ventral roots joining
Mixed Nerves Carry both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers
Spinal Meninges Specialized membranes isolate spinal cord from surroundings.
it is continuous with cranial meninges,
it protects spinal cord and carries blood supply .
Meningitis Viral or bacterial infection of meninges
Spinal meningitis or cerebral meningitis can disrupt CSF flow, damage or kill
neurons and neuroglia
Arachnoid mater middle meningeal layer of spinal cord
Dura mater outer layer of spinal cord
Tough and fibrous
Fuses with periosteum of occipital bone
Pia mater inner meningeal layer of spinal cord
lower dura mater Tapers to dense cord of collagen fibers
Joins filum terminale in coccygeal ligament
epidural space Between spinal dura mater and walls of vertebral canal
Contains loose connective and adipose tissue (extra padding)
Arachnoid Mater Middle meningeal layer
Arachnoid membrane
Simple squamous epithelia
Covers outer surface of arachnoid mater
Spinal reflexes function separately from the brain
rapid, automatic nerve responses
can involve one or more spinal segment
, Cervical enlargement Shoulder girdle & arms
lumber englargement Around T11
Nerves of pelvis and lower limbs
Conus medullaris Thin, conical spinal cord below lumbar enlargement
Filum terminale Thin thread of fibrous tissue at end of conus medullaris
Attaches to coccygeal ligament
provides longitudinal support to spinal cord
Cauda equina inludes ventral and dorsal roots below conus medullaris & filum terminale
Ventral root Contains axons of motor neurons (somatic and visceral effectors)
Dorsal root Contains axons of sensory neurons (somatic and visceral)
spinal nerve formed on each side of the spine by the dorsal and ventral roots joining
Mixed Nerves Carry both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers
Spinal Meninges Specialized membranes isolate spinal cord from surroundings.
it is continuous with cranial meninges,
it protects spinal cord and carries blood supply .
Meningitis Viral or bacterial infection of meninges
Spinal meningitis or cerebral meningitis can disrupt CSF flow, damage or kill
neurons and neuroglia
Arachnoid mater middle meningeal layer of spinal cord
Dura mater outer layer of spinal cord
Tough and fibrous
Fuses with periosteum of occipital bone
Pia mater inner meningeal layer of spinal cord
lower dura mater Tapers to dense cord of collagen fibers
Joins filum terminale in coccygeal ligament
epidural space Between spinal dura mater and walls of vertebral canal
Contains loose connective and adipose tissue (extra padding)
Arachnoid Mater Middle meningeal layer
Arachnoid membrane
Simple squamous epithelia
Covers outer surface of arachnoid mater
