FOUNDATIONS FINAL JERSEY COLLEGE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 VERIFIED QUESTION
SET AND SOLUTIONS
◉ This oxygenated blood (high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide).
Answer: is pumped out to all other parts of the body and back again
◉ Stroke Volume (SV).
Answer: The quantity of blood forced out of the left ventricle with
each contraction
◉ cardiac output.
Answer: the amount of blood pumped per minute, which averages
from 3.5 to 8.0 L/min in a healthy adult
CO = SV × heart rate
◉ Oxygen.
Answer: carried by the red blood cells erythrocytes in the form of
hemoglobin
◉ sinoatrial (SA) node.
,Answer: The sinoatrial (SA) node is a mass of tissue in the upper
right atrium, just below the opening of the superior vena cava. This
node initiates the transmission of electrical impulses, causing
contraction of the heart at regular intervals. It is also referred to as
the pacemaker. After initiation, the electrical impulse travels
throughout the muscle of each atrium, causing contraction of the
atrium
◉ atrioventricular (AV) node.
Answer: enters a group of fibers called the atrioventricular bundle,
or bundle of His. This bundle divides into right and left branches.
Smaller conduction myofibers (Purkinje fibers) branch off, traveling
throughout the ventricles. The right branch extends to the walls of
the right ventricle and the left branch travels through the left
ventricle. The electrical impulse continues through the
atrioventricular bundle and the Purkinje fibers, causing contraction
of the ventricles. The contraction of the ventricles, which occurs just
a moment after the atrial contractions, completes a cardiac cycle, or
a single heartbeat
◉ The main blood vessels that provide coronary circulation are.
Answer: the right and left coronary arteries, which branch off the
aorta. They encircle the heart and branch out to all regions of the
heart
◉ dysrhythmia/arrhythmia.
,Answer: Abnormal heart rhythm
◉ myocardial ischemia.
Answer: decreased oxygen supply to the heart caused by insufficient
blood supply
◉ Angina.
Answer: Pain in the heart region caused by lack of oxygen
◉ Infants.
Answer: are at risk for upper respiratory tract infections and asthma
as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke
◉ exacerbation.
Answer: increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
◉ Opioids.
Answer: chemical agents that depress the medullary respiratory
center. As a result, the rate and depth of respirations decrease.
◉ cigarette smoking.
Answer: is the most important risk factor for COPD
, one of the key risk factors for heart disease, the leading cause of
death in the United States
◉ sputum.
Answer: mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
expelled through the mouth
◉ sersanguineous drainage.
Answer: thin, clear to straw color, watery drainage that is blood
tinged
◉ Hyperventilation.
Answer: the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths
◉ Before starting the interview.
Answer: make certain that the patient is not in acute distress. If the
patient is experiencing any respiratory distress, initiate appropriate
actions immediately to help relieve symptoms. Enlist the aid of
family members or others to help answer questions. Interview the
patient at a later point, when the patient is able, to expand the initial
database. If no emergency interventions are necessary for the
patient's clinical condition, obtain a comprehensive history at this
time.
STUDY GUIDE 2026 VERIFIED QUESTION
SET AND SOLUTIONS
◉ This oxygenated blood (high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide).
Answer: is pumped out to all other parts of the body and back again
◉ Stroke Volume (SV).
Answer: The quantity of blood forced out of the left ventricle with
each contraction
◉ cardiac output.
Answer: the amount of blood pumped per minute, which averages
from 3.5 to 8.0 L/min in a healthy adult
CO = SV × heart rate
◉ Oxygen.
Answer: carried by the red blood cells erythrocytes in the form of
hemoglobin
◉ sinoatrial (SA) node.
,Answer: The sinoatrial (SA) node is a mass of tissue in the upper
right atrium, just below the opening of the superior vena cava. This
node initiates the transmission of electrical impulses, causing
contraction of the heart at regular intervals. It is also referred to as
the pacemaker. After initiation, the electrical impulse travels
throughout the muscle of each atrium, causing contraction of the
atrium
◉ atrioventricular (AV) node.
Answer: enters a group of fibers called the atrioventricular bundle,
or bundle of His. This bundle divides into right and left branches.
Smaller conduction myofibers (Purkinje fibers) branch off, traveling
throughout the ventricles. The right branch extends to the walls of
the right ventricle and the left branch travels through the left
ventricle. The electrical impulse continues through the
atrioventricular bundle and the Purkinje fibers, causing contraction
of the ventricles. The contraction of the ventricles, which occurs just
a moment after the atrial contractions, completes a cardiac cycle, or
a single heartbeat
◉ The main blood vessels that provide coronary circulation are.
Answer: the right and left coronary arteries, which branch off the
aorta. They encircle the heart and branch out to all regions of the
heart
◉ dysrhythmia/arrhythmia.
,Answer: Abnormal heart rhythm
◉ myocardial ischemia.
Answer: decreased oxygen supply to the heart caused by insufficient
blood supply
◉ Angina.
Answer: Pain in the heart region caused by lack of oxygen
◉ Infants.
Answer: are at risk for upper respiratory tract infections and asthma
as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke
◉ exacerbation.
Answer: increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
◉ Opioids.
Answer: chemical agents that depress the medullary respiratory
center. As a result, the rate and depth of respirations decrease.
◉ cigarette smoking.
Answer: is the most important risk factor for COPD
, one of the key risk factors for heart disease, the leading cause of
death in the United States
◉ sputum.
Answer: mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
expelled through the mouth
◉ sersanguineous drainage.
Answer: thin, clear to straw color, watery drainage that is blood
tinged
◉ Hyperventilation.
Answer: the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths
◉ Before starting the interview.
Answer: make certain that the patient is not in acute distress. If the
patient is experiencing any respiratory distress, initiate appropriate
actions immediately to help relieve symptoms. Enlist the aid of
family members or others to help answer questions. Interview the
patient at a later point, when the patient is able, to expand the initial
database. If no emergency interventions are necessary for the
patient's clinical condition, obtain a comprehensive history at this
time.
