NURS 3300 UNIT 2 EXAM PART 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Process of selecting representative units of a population for study;
Process of selecting a portion of the designated population to represent the entire population; Not cost-
effective to study an entire population; Purpose is to draw conclusions about populations from samples
in an effort to make inferences or predictions of outcomes using inferential statistics
Target Population - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The entire set of cases about which the researcher would like
to make generalized; Ex. All people in the world who have osteoarthritis
Accessible population - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The available population that meets the study's criteria
and is available and can be used instead of the entire or target population
Inclusion Criteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Descriptors of the population of interest which provide the
basis for sample selection (e.g. age, gender, level of education, race/ethnicity, condition of interest, etc);
Helps to identify who will be sought as study participants
Exclusion Criteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Characteristics that rule out participation in a study (such as
co-morbid conditions or other health conditions)
Sample - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A subset of the population, drawn from the accessible population, that
is selected for a study; Finite part of a population whose properties are studied to gain info about the
whole; The most basic unit about which information is collected
Representative sample - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅One whose key characteristics closely approximate
those of the population
Non-probability and probability - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Types of sampling strategies
Non-probability sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elements chosen by nonrandom methods (from the
accessible population); Probability of being selected is unknown; These schemes tend to produce less
representative samples; The degree of sampling error cannot be estimated which limits generalizability
of findings beyond the sample studied; these are often used out of necessity, but are usually more
feasible to obtain
, Probability sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elements chosen by some form of random selection,
where each member of the population has an equal chance or probability of being selected; Can
estimate the probability that each element of the population will be included; Can calculate the
sampling error or margin of error; It is a rigorous type of sampling strategy, usually requiring more time
and cost than nonrandom strategies, and are more likely to produce or result in representative samples
Convenience, quota, purposive, and network (snowball) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Types of non-
probability sampling
Convenience sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The most common form of nonprobability sampling; use
of the most readily accessible persons or objects as subjects in a study; easy to recruit subjects; Ex. 1st
100 people admitted to hospital X with a certain diagnosis of interest
Quota sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Form of nonprobability sampling in which knowledge about
characteristics of the population of interest is used to build representativeness into the sample;
Identifies the strata of the population and proportionally represents the strata in the sample; Ex.
Population - 1000 (.20) diploma graduates, 2000 (.40) associate degree graduates, 2000 (.40)
baccalaureate graduates; Strata - 100 diploma graduates, 200 associate degree graduates, 200
baccalaureate graduates
Purposive sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Type of nonprobability sampling in which the researcher
selects subjects who are considered to be typical of the population; Useful in studying populations with
unusual/rare characteristics; Ex. Underrepresented minorities on hemodialysis age 18-24 with a
confirmed diagnosis of ESRD
Network (Snowball) sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Type of nonprobability sampling where it is a
strategy used for locating samples that are difficult or impossible to locate in other ways; Carried out in
stages - chain of referrals (or snowballing); First stage - few subjects who meet selection criteria
identified and interviewed; Next stage - above subjects asked to identify others with requisite
characteristics; Continues until adequate sample is obtained
Simple random, stratified random, multi-stage (cluster), and systematic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Types
of probability sampling
Sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Process of selecting representative units of a population for study;
Process of selecting a portion of the designated population to represent the entire population; Not cost-
effective to study an entire population; Purpose is to draw conclusions about populations from samples
in an effort to make inferences or predictions of outcomes using inferential statistics
Target Population - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The entire set of cases about which the researcher would like
to make generalized; Ex. All people in the world who have osteoarthritis
Accessible population - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The available population that meets the study's criteria
and is available and can be used instead of the entire or target population
Inclusion Criteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Descriptors of the population of interest which provide the
basis for sample selection (e.g. age, gender, level of education, race/ethnicity, condition of interest, etc);
Helps to identify who will be sought as study participants
Exclusion Criteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Characteristics that rule out participation in a study (such as
co-morbid conditions or other health conditions)
Sample - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A subset of the population, drawn from the accessible population, that
is selected for a study; Finite part of a population whose properties are studied to gain info about the
whole; The most basic unit about which information is collected
Representative sample - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅One whose key characteristics closely approximate
those of the population
Non-probability and probability - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Types of sampling strategies
Non-probability sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elements chosen by nonrandom methods (from the
accessible population); Probability of being selected is unknown; These schemes tend to produce less
representative samples; The degree of sampling error cannot be estimated which limits generalizability
of findings beyond the sample studied; these are often used out of necessity, but are usually more
feasible to obtain
, Probability sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elements chosen by some form of random selection,
where each member of the population has an equal chance or probability of being selected; Can
estimate the probability that each element of the population will be included; Can calculate the
sampling error or margin of error; It is a rigorous type of sampling strategy, usually requiring more time
and cost than nonrandom strategies, and are more likely to produce or result in representative samples
Convenience, quota, purposive, and network (snowball) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Types of non-
probability sampling
Convenience sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The most common form of nonprobability sampling; use
of the most readily accessible persons or objects as subjects in a study; easy to recruit subjects; Ex. 1st
100 people admitted to hospital X with a certain diagnosis of interest
Quota sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Form of nonprobability sampling in which knowledge about
characteristics of the population of interest is used to build representativeness into the sample;
Identifies the strata of the population and proportionally represents the strata in the sample; Ex.
Population - 1000 (.20) diploma graduates, 2000 (.40) associate degree graduates, 2000 (.40)
baccalaureate graduates; Strata - 100 diploma graduates, 200 associate degree graduates, 200
baccalaureate graduates
Purposive sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Type of nonprobability sampling in which the researcher
selects subjects who are considered to be typical of the population; Useful in studying populations with
unusual/rare characteristics; Ex. Underrepresented minorities on hemodialysis age 18-24 with a
confirmed diagnosis of ESRD
Network (Snowball) sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Type of nonprobability sampling where it is a
strategy used for locating samples that are difficult or impossible to locate in other ways; Carried out in
stages - chain of referrals (or snowballing); First stage - few subjects who meet selection criteria
identified and interviewed; Next stage - above subjects asked to identify others with requisite
characteristics; Continues until adequate sample is obtained
Simple random, stratified random, multi-stage (cluster), and systematic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Types
of probability sampling
