3. 3.2 .
ALKANES
=
(n Hantz -
fossil fuel -
remains of plants & animals -
heated over millions years
-
single C C
-
-
extracted from mixture of diff alkanes CRUDE OIL ( petroleum)
-
saturated hydrocarbons -
combust in EXOTHERMIC reaction ( inlwmplete)
-
homologous group properties
-
the longer molecule =
more 1. ME , higher BPT
RMM T phys properties change branched lower BPT 't pack closely
:
as
weak IMF
-
isomer
-
.
can
-
.
,
chemically similar bonds
generally
-
unreactive
strong
-
-
-
-
differ by Cth insoluble in tho non polar
-
-
- -
3. 3.2 I . . FRACTIONAL DISH LAMON
petroleum consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons (separated by ED )
mixture 150
refinery gas fuel
-
: .
separation of diff chain lengths by their BPT ht
naphta chew production
=
-
. .
1100
-
fractionating column petroleum vapor ised :
petrol (gasoline) vehicles -
1800 kerosene (
fractions rise meet
tray below their BPT condense smaller fractions continue rising paraffin oil) jet fuel
-
- - -
-
bottom thick liquid bitumen At diesel oil diesel fuel
:
top gaseous methane : -
310
lubricating oil wax , polish
-
small molecules low BPT large molecules high BPI fuel oil -
ships factories
,
very volatile not volatile 6000 residue (bitumen) roads
very
-
flow
easily doesn't flow easily
ignite easily doesn't
ignite easily short alkanes -
more useful
3.3.22 .
CRACKING
less valuable useful halve ble shorter chain alkanes El alkenes
longer chain alkenes mixture of ECONOMIC REASON
→
-
more
alkynes alkanes valuable ahem feedstock huge range of products medicine
polymers to
> →
:
more
-
-
.
thermaoracking catalytic cracking
1800 to break
high temperature Hoo hook)
high temperature 1000k)
strong C C bond
- -
- - -
-
high pressure 17000 kPa) low
pressure 11-2 atmosphere)
- -
high portion of ALKENES cracked ZEOLITE
honeycomb structure large surf
-
CATALYST
-
area
- -
.
-
to stop fully decomposition :
-
increase rate of reaction
conditions applied for short time
-
created : branched alkanes l
cyclo alkanes I aromatic compounds
mechanism -
use : to create fuels for road vehicles
covalent bond between LC splits heterolytically
form a shorter alkane El alkene
intense conditions maintained moment ally -
ALKANES
=
(n Hantz -
fossil fuel -
remains of plants & animals -
heated over millions years
-
single C C
-
-
extracted from mixture of diff alkanes CRUDE OIL ( petroleum)
-
saturated hydrocarbons -
combust in EXOTHERMIC reaction ( inlwmplete)
-
homologous group properties
-
the longer molecule =
more 1. ME , higher BPT
RMM T phys properties change branched lower BPT 't pack closely
:
as
weak IMF
-
isomer
-
.
can
-
.
,
chemically similar bonds
generally
-
unreactive
strong
-
-
-
-
differ by Cth insoluble in tho non polar
-
-
- -
3. 3.2 I . . FRACTIONAL DISH LAMON
petroleum consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons (separated by ED )
mixture 150
refinery gas fuel
-
: .
separation of diff chain lengths by their BPT ht
naphta chew production
=
-
. .
1100
-
fractionating column petroleum vapor ised :
petrol (gasoline) vehicles -
1800 kerosene (
fractions rise meet
tray below their BPT condense smaller fractions continue rising paraffin oil) jet fuel
-
- - -
-
bottom thick liquid bitumen At diesel oil diesel fuel
:
top gaseous methane : -
310
lubricating oil wax , polish
-
small molecules low BPT large molecules high BPI fuel oil -
ships factories
,
very volatile not volatile 6000 residue (bitumen) roads
very
-
flow
easily doesn't flow easily
ignite easily doesn't
ignite easily short alkanes -
more useful
3.3.22 .
CRACKING
less valuable useful halve ble shorter chain alkanes El alkenes
longer chain alkenes mixture of ECONOMIC REASON
→
-
more
alkynes alkanes valuable ahem feedstock huge range of products medicine
polymers to
> →
:
more
-
-
.
thermaoracking catalytic cracking
1800 to break
high temperature Hoo hook)
high temperature 1000k)
strong C C bond
- -
- - -
-
high pressure 17000 kPa) low
pressure 11-2 atmosphere)
- -
high portion of ALKENES cracked ZEOLITE
honeycomb structure large surf
-
CATALYST
-
area
- -
.
-
to stop fully decomposition :
-
increase rate of reaction
conditions applied for short time
-
created : branched alkanes l
cyclo alkanes I aromatic compounds
mechanism -
use : to create fuels for road vehicles
covalent bond between LC splits heterolytically
form a shorter alkane El alkene
intense conditions maintained moment ally -
