CPCE STUDY GUIDE(THE PURPLE BOOK) -COUNSELOR PREPERATION
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COM-
PLETE SOLUTIONS|GRADED A+|PASS ON FIRST ATTEMPT|BRAND
NEW 2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!!
Who is famous for the "hierarchy of needs?" - ANSWER Abraham Maslow
What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs postulate? - ANSWER lower-order physiological
& safety needs and higher-order needs (self-actualization)
first/lower: basics like food/water
safety/security
need for love/affection/belonging
highest level: self-actualization (being all that one can be)
Robert Kegan's 6 stages of lifespan development are: - ANSWER incorporative
impulse
imperial
interpersonal
institutional
interindividual
Who is Robert Kegan? - ANSWER adult cognitive development
stresses interpersonal development
constructive model of development, meaning individuals construct reality through the
lifespan
1
,What is relativistic thinking according to Ed Neukrug? - ANSWER as teens enter adult-
hood, they realize not everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist relative to a spe-
cific situation
Who is Robert/William Perry? - ANSWER adult cognitive development/college students
dualistic thinking; common in teens to conceptualize good/bad; right/wrong
Who is known for their work in strategic & problem-solving therapy, utilizing the "paradox"
technique? - ANSWER Jay Haley
Who is associated with brief psychotherapy and hypnosis? - ANSWER Milton H. Erikson
What is Erik Erikson known for? - ANSWER psychosocial stages of development
8 stages through the lifespan:
1. trust v mistrust (birth - 12 mo)
2. autonomy v shame & doubt (1-3 y/o
3. initiative v guilt (3-6 y/o)
4. industry v inferiority (6-12 y/o)
5. identity v confusion (12-18 y/o)
6. intimacy v isolation (20-40)
7. generativity v stagnation (40-60)
8. integrity v despair (60+)
What is Sigmund Freud known for? - ANSWER psychodynamic theory
psychosexual stages of development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
dynamic of id, ego, and superego
2
, id: pleasure
ego: reality
superego: moralistic/idealistic
"maturationist"
In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur? - ANSWER generativity v stagna-
tion
John Bowlby is most closely associated with_______. - ANSWER bonding and attachment
Who pioneered the zone of proximal development? - ANSWER Lev Vygotsky
*it is the difference between a child's performance without a teacher versus that which he
or she is capable of with an instructor
What does RS stand for? - ANSWER religious and spiritual
What is biofeedback? - ANSWER a technique used to help individuals learn to control
bodily processes more effectively using electronic devices
What are Vygotsky's views on moral development? - ANSWER disagrees with Piaget that
they take place naturally
insisted that stages unfold due to educational intervention
Who expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development? - ANSWER Law-
rence Kohlberg (3 levels of morality)
3
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COM-
PLETE SOLUTIONS|GRADED A+|PASS ON FIRST ATTEMPT|BRAND
NEW 2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!!
Who is famous for the "hierarchy of needs?" - ANSWER Abraham Maslow
What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs postulate? - ANSWER lower-order physiological
& safety needs and higher-order needs (self-actualization)
first/lower: basics like food/water
safety/security
need for love/affection/belonging
highest level: self-actualization (being all that one can be)
Robert Kegan's 6 stages of lifespan development are: - ANSWER incorporative
impulse
imperial
interpersonal
institutional
interindividual
Who is Robert Kegan? - ANSWER adult cognitive development
stresses interpersonal development
constructive model of development, meaning individuals construct reality through the
lifespan
1
,What is relativistic thinking according to Ed Neukrug? - ANSWER as teens enter adult-
hood, they realize not everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist relative to a spe-
cific situation
Who is Robert/William Perry? - ANSWER adult cognitive development/college students
dualistic thinking; common in teens to conceptualize good/bad; right/wrong
Who is known for their work in strategic & problem-solving therapy, utilizing the "paradox"
technique? - ANSWER Jay Haley
Who is associated with brief psychotherapy and hypnosis? - ANSWER Milton H. Erikson
What is Erik Erikson known for? - ANSWER psychosocial stages of development
8 stages through the lifespan:
1. trust v mistrust (birth - 12 mo)
2. autonomy v shame & doubt (1-3 y/o
3. initiative v guilt (3-6 y/o)
4. industry v inferiority (6-12 y/o)
5. identity v confusion (12-18 y/o)
6. intimacy v isolation (20-40)
7. generativity v stagnation (40-60)
8. integrity v despair (60+)
What is Sigmund Freud known for? - ANSWER psychodynamic theory
psychosexual stages of development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
dynamic of id, ego, and superego
2
, id: pleasure
ego: reality
superego: moralistic/idealistic
"maturationist"
In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur? - ANSWER generativity v stagna-
tion
John Bowlby is most closely associated with_______. - ANSWER bonding and attachment
Who pioneered the zone of proximal development? - ANSWER Lev Vygotsky
*it is the difference between a child's performance without a teacher versus that which he
or she is capable of with an instructor
What does RS stand for? - ANSWER religious and spiritual
What is biofeedback? - ANSWER a technique used to help individuals learn to control
bodily processes more effectively using electronic devices
What are Vygotsky's views on moral development? - ANSWER disagrees with Piaget that
they take place naturally
insisted that stages unfold due to educational intervention
Who expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development? - ANSWER Law-
rence Kohlberg (3 levels of morality)
3
