CPCE AND NCE STUDY GUIDE -COUNSELOR PREPERATION COMPRE-
HENSIVE EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLU-
TIONS|GRADED A+|PASS ON FIRST ATTEMPT|BRAND NEW
2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!!
What does CACREP stand for? - ANSWER the Council for the Accreditation and Counsel-
ing Related Educational Programs
What does CCE stand for? - ANSWER Center for Credentialing and Education, inc
What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it? - ANSWER Ra-
tional Emotive Behavioral Therapy; Ellis.
Name Freud's Psychosexual stages of development. - ANSWER Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent,
and Genital. (Mnemonic device: Oh, Anthony, Please Let's Go!)
Describe Erik Erikson's stages. - ANSWER Erik Erikson is an Ego psychologist and a disciple
of Freud. His 8 stages focus on social relationships, therefore they are called psychosocial.
Each stage has a crisis that must be overcome in order to move on to the next stage. His
stages are Trust v. Mistrust; Autonomy v. Shame/doubt; Industry v. Inferiority; Initiative vs.
Guilt; Identity v. Role confusion; Intimacy v. Isolation; Generativity vs. Stagnation; Integrity
vs. Despair. (Mnemonic device: The Air In Iceland Is Icy, Greenland Isn't.)
define psychometric. - ANSWER pertaining to mental testing and measurement
define psychodiagnostic - ANSWER the study of personality through interpretation of be-
havior and non-verbal cues; or labeling a client in a diagnostic category.
define psychopharmacology - ANSWER the study of the effects drugs have on psychologi-
cal functions.
1
,What is the id? - ANSWER the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of
aggression and sexual impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and
bodily focused.
What is the ego? - ANSWER this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates
power of reasoning and control over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check.
What is the superego? - ANSWER the superego is the moralistic and idealistic principle in
the Freudian theory.
Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"? - ANSWER Be-
haviorists. They focus on O.O.B. The observable, objective behaviors. (My AP psych teacher
in HS called it the O.O.B. tampon. gross, but it helped me remember it!)
Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the entire
lifespan? - ANSWER Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages covered the entire lifespan. Each
stage has a crisis or turning point.
What theory is A. A. Brill associated with? - ANSWER Career theory
Milton H. Erickson is associated with... - ANSWER Brief psychotherapy and hypnosis.
What field is Jean Piaget associated with? - ANSWER Cognitive Child Development
Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling? - ANSWER Ha-
ley is most famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more specifically
with his use of the paradox technique. He also studied with Milton Erickson.
2
, Arnold Lazarus - ANSWER He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically
with methods of desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Ther-
apy.
William Perry - ANSWER He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifi-
cally with college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking" among
college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory technique: think of
Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with dualism.)
Ed Neukrug - ANSWER Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's.
He noted that college students initially think that their professor has all the answers (dualis-
tic), but gradually get to a more relativistic way of thinking and realize that answers exist that
are relative to a given situation. (Memory technique: "What do you THINK about Ed nuking
the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed Neukrug.)
Robert Kegan - ANSWER Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with
interpersonal development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development-
people construct reality throughout the lifespan.
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order? - ANSWER Sensorimotor;
Preoperational; Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in order, but may be experienced
at varying ages.
What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research? - ANSWER He spent too much time
observing his own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions from a small, specific, population.
Who formulated the very first intelligence test? - ANSWER Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la
la!
What is a t test? - ANSWER Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in
formal experiments to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two
normally distributed groups.
3
HENSIVE EXAM|QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLU-
TIONS|GRADED A+|PASS ON FIRST ATTEMPT|BRAND NEW
2026/2027 UPDATE!!!!!
What does CACREP stand for? - ANSWER the Council for the Accreditation and Counsel-
ing Related Educational Programs
What does CCE stand for? - ANSWER Center for Credentialing and Education, inc
What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it? - ANSWER Ra-
tional Emotive Behavioral Therapy; Ellis.
Name Freud's Psychosexual stages of development. - ANSWER Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent,
and Genital. (Mnemonic device: Oh, Anthony, Please Let's Go!)
Describe Erik Erikson's stages. - ANSWER Erik Erikson is an Ego psychologist and a disciple
of Freud. His 8 stages focus on social relationships, therefore they are called psychosocial.
Each stage has a crisis that must be overcome in order to move on to the next stage. His
stages are Trust v. Mistrust; Autonomy v. Shame/doubt; Industry v. Inferiority; Initiative vs.
Guilt; Identity v. Role confusion; Intimacy v. Isolation; Generativity vs. Stagnation; Integrity
vs. Despair. (Mnemonic device: The Air In Iceland Is Icy, Greenland Isn't.)
define psychometric. - ANSWER pertaining to mental testing and measurement
define psychodiagnostic - ANSWER the study of personality through interpretation of be-
havior and non-verbal cues; or labeling a client in a diagnostic category.
define psychopharmacology - ANSWER the study of the effects drugs have on psychologi-
cal functions.
1
,What is the id? - ANSWER the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of
aggression and sexual impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and
bodily focused.
What is the ego? - ANSWER this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates
power of reasoning and control over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check.
What is the superego? - ANSWER the superego is the moralistic and idealistic principle in
the Freudian theory.
Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"? - ANSWER Be-
haviorists. They focus on O.O.B. The observable, objective behaviors. (My AP psych teacher
in HS called it the O.O.B. tampon. gross, but it helped me remember it!)
Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the entire
lifespan? - ANSWER Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages covered the entire lifespan. Each
stage has a crisis or turning point.
What theory is A. A. Brill associated with? - ANSWER Career theory
Milton H. Erickson is associated with... - ANSWER Brief psychotherapy and hypnosis.
What field is Jean Piaget associated with? - ANSWER Cognitive Child Development
Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling? - ANSWER Ha-
ley is most famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more specifically
with his use of the paradox technique. He also studied with Milton Erickson.
2
, Arnold Lazarus - ANSWER He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically
with methods of desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Ther-
apy.
William Perry - ANSWER He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifi-
cally with college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking" among
college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory technique: think of
Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with dualism.)
Ed Neukrug - ANSWER Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's.
He noted that college students initially think that their professor has all the answers (dualis-
tic), but gradually get to a more relativistic way of thinking and realize that answers exist that
are relative to a given situation. (Memory technique: "What do you THINK about Ed nuking
the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed Neukrug.)
Robert Kegan - ANSWER Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with
interpersonal development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development-
people construct reality throughout the lifespan.
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order? - ANSWER Sensorimotor;
Preoperational; Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in order, but may be experienced
at varying ages.
What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research? - ANSWER He spent too much time
observing his own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions from a small, specific, population.
Who formulated the very first intelligence test? - ANSWER Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la
la!
What is a t test? - ANSWER Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in
formal experiments to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two
normally distributed groups.
3
